I hope you enjoy this video! As a bonus here is a VR 360° version of the fall : jpvid.net/video/%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA-17tEg_uTF_A.html For more details about the simulation : - The apparent shape of the disc is calculated using raytracing and general relativity (I calculate the motion of light rays from the source to the observer, and the apparent angle of this lightray in the observer's frame of reference) - The disc however is not simulated, I created a volumetric shader to replicate GRMHD simulations of Sagittarius A* (a GRMHD simulation would require very powerful computers and a lot of computing time). You can find an example of such a simulation here : jpvid.net/video/%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA-J8sLSQ54bHE.html - The colour of the disc is calculated by converting an infinite temperature blackbody spectrum to CIE XYZ and RGB colour spaces - The parameters you see at the bottom left corner of the video are calculated analytically for a Schwarzschild infalling observer - I also did simulations for a Kerr black hole to make sure the results weren't too different (for example : jpvid.net/video/%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA-sFcnfg8KU1g.html) - For Sagittarius A* we don't know exactly the value of its angular momentum yet, therefore some details about its accretion disc and the shape of its horizon might change
Can someone explain to me why blue is very high energy but blue flame is usually the coldest & red the brightest? We also associate blue with cold psychologically as a result of this. So, I never quite wrapped my head around this concept.
Let’s just make it less complicated let’s say a rouge start can go black hole and swallows all lol around it then goes dormant and there’s mot hit gassed around anymore then what would this be like and is a black hole allowed to move where it wants?
There's something very haunting about passing the event horizon, knowing you'll never return, but seeing the spaceship you came from getting larger as if you were being given a second chance to reconsider.
It beckons for me the imaginary of being stranded in a desert and seeing a cool, lush oasis a mere yards in front of me, but insanity would reach me first and ultimately death in my vain quest of the mirage.
I say we shoot a go-pro through on of them sob’s while filming live to see as much as possible before our live footage is destroyed beyond human comprehension haha. In reality we’d never see the footage. That or it’d take years upon years to make it back to us, let alone make it back without the chances of being destroyed so fast we never get to see anything by time signal reaches us lol
@DemonCleaner smith Interstellar travelers wouldn't use light speed. they would just bend spacetime to warp there without ever moving., thats how UFOs can get here.
This is by far THE BEST explanation of what you can expect from a black hole but also gives you a very fair explanation of what it is and how it works, I think is art! I just would like to see another video using this example and the theory of heating black holes and virtual particles.
No one knows how black holes work thats why there called theories we just know the effect a blackhole makes from the outside but no one realy knows how they work
I think it's worth mentioning that for supermassive black holes, the point at which you would become spaghettified is well inside of the event horizon (increasingly so the larger the black hole). This is due to the following: Tidal forces (the gravity gradient which causes spaghettification) have a magnitude which is inversely proportional (4*r^3) to the distance from the center of mass (in this case, distance to the singularity, r). Meanwhile, the Schwartzchild radius (event horizon radius) is inversely proportional to the speed of light squared (c^2), which is a constant. Both increase directly proportional to mass of the black hole. This means that as a black hole's mass increases to a large value, the event horizon distance will exist at a radius with dramatically lower tidal forces than it would for a solar mass black hole.
You know I feel like you could somehow come in and with additional forces or the same removing mass technique, if the singularity isnt a single point but the same mass of a star (just more mass means more gravity) you could theoretically sling shot around it just the same. obv at MUCH more insane speeds. It's just that light coming in does not get any extra pushes, nor do an other matter than fall into it. But if you had enough lateral acceleration it would do the same as a normal Hohmann transfer.
Do not forget that the coordinate radius r becomes timelike inside the horizon of the black hole, so it does not correspond to a spatial distance from " the center". That means that the growth of the tidal forces ( and the curvature) inside, is time dependent. Whatever falls in has only a limited amount of proper time before its complete destruction happens. So, actually, the singularity is not at the center of the hole, it is something that happens in the future of the infalling object after a finite amount of proper time( at most πm in certain units) This is evident not only from the math, but also from the usual spacetime diagrams ( like the Penrose diagram), where the singularity is depicted as a spacelike surface that cuts off the future of anything that falls in.
THAT WAS SO AWESOME. Interstellar gave me some chills, but this... Even without Herr Zimmer, it gave me goosebumps. I would love a bit more expansion on the photonsphere, to mee seems one of the most intriguing parts. What bizarre light effects would you see if light can orbit the BH multiple times and then exit, or just stay there orbiting, or just take weird trajectories. Would you see strange flashes of light now and then? Again, to me, that is the most intriguing parts of the fall.
I will admit, all of this is intensely fascinating, but there's just something about black holes that always gives me an unshakeable feeling of utter dread when learning about them. Still, with how advanced(or primitive if you wanna judge it that way) or understanding of physics is, this about the best explanation of what it would be like to enter a black hole I've seen.
@cube actually not a good idea, as the matter that fell into it will be lost forever, its better to just throw it at our moon or some random lifeless desert planet
Thank you for making an actually good video! Every single video I see related to space, everyone talks so professionally, like they were writing an essay and had to add extra words to reach the word count they needed, but you talked like you were an actual person! Thank you! You have definitely earned a sub from me
Yes, I have always heard that once you fall into a black hole, the extremely dense gravitational force (or whatever that is called) would pull you into many pieces.
Thanks for the great explanation. Could you elaborate a bit more (or provide references) related to the misconception of viewing the whole history of the universe just before falling in.
This is by far my favourite black hole video! My four years old son loves starting his day with it too, he loves this more than videos aimed at his age range!
14:03 Although your clock continues to run normally for you, once you cross the event horizon, an infinite amount of time will have passed for an outside observer. Which is the same thing as saying it would take an infinite amount of time for an outside observer to see you cross the event horizon. Even if you can "see" the residual image of the outside universe due to perceptional effects like doppler and aberration, in reality there's no "outside universe" left to go back _to_ once you cross the horizon. Which is the same as saying that the interior of the black hole _is_ your new universe, and any direction you might travel within that new universe will not get you any closer to the universe you just came from; you will _always_ be moving, spatially and temporally, toward the singularity.
This was honestly the best explanation that I've come across thus far, and I like that there aren't 'concrete' answers like in every other science video. Appreciate the no bluffing about what a singularity is or even consists of. Also the fact of the color of light surrounding the black hole. That makes sense, as well. Thank you!
Nice! But I think you forgot the part where the cosmic microwave radiation would blueshift to visible light for a period of time, making the universe in front of you around the black hole opaque red, then opaque white and finally opaque blue before becoming transparent again. I'm no expert but what about lorentz contraction and so on? wouldn't it make the actual and apparent distance to the black hole be shorter after attaining enough velocity? finally, not seeing the whole history of the universe is not even about the doppler effect, but the fact that you are taking a finite amount of time to reach the singularity, you have a certain speed and acceleration, even despite the fact that you are moving through time slower and slower as you accelerate, there would never be enough time for light from the whole future of the universe to reach you.
This is amazing. One random question i have. What would happen if you fired a gun back towards the ship once you have passed the event horizon?. Would it stay with your body and follow you to the core of the black hole, would it fire normal & carry on but would never pass back outside the horizon, or would it shoot backwards past you & get sucked into the black hole faster than yourself?. Does anyone have an idea?.🤔🤷😆
Pretty sure you would see it fire normally, but i think accelerated motions end up reaching the singularity faster so the bullet should reach it before you, dont ask me how. Edit : i really dont see how the bullet could catch up with you, so id say you would arrive before, but because of time dilatation or sth the bullet actually spends less time falling from its perspective than you do from your own
9:15 Does this mean that when we observe black holes, all the mass that fell onto them is currently "pancaked" in a sense, on it's event horizon? How does the singularity form in the first place if from our outside perspective, nothing has ever reached it yet?
there is no such thing as a singularity in the real world, but whatever exists at the centre of a black hole obviously forms at the same time as the event horizon
I assume it's just the remaining light that still hasn't reached our retina yet and is doing so a lower and lower intervals, therefore will eventully fade away. Just becasue we don't view it, doesn't mean it hasn't happened.
Vous gagnez en popularité ! Je suis très heureux pour vous ! Je regarde vos vidéos depuis le collège (et maintenant je suis en prépa), et c'est en partie grâce à vous que j'aime autant la physique. Merci ScienceClic pour ces excellentes vidéos, et bonne continuation
8:54 crossing the photon sphere makes the view of the outside universe extremely weird, as one can encounter light from the outside universe that had gone around the black hole multiple times before being observed.
This may sound crazy but, when I was younger I had a dream I fell into a black hole. It was so incredibly vivid. I remember it like it was last night. I’ve had the dream a few times over my life and it’s always the same. When I fell deeper into the black hole I did not get ripped to pieces. There was heat but it was tolerable. Almost comforting. And it was slow. Live driving 5 mph through a empty parking lot. When I passed completely through there were stars and planets and nebulas on the other side. It was like laying in my backyard and staring up at a clear clean night sky. Except there was a huge space station in the shape of a triangle. I was pulled inside it and there were beings inside. Humans of all colors and beautiful. I remember I felt very plain next to them. And they were all tall and fit looking. Some were naked but, totally fine and comfortable with their nakedness. Some wore outfits that looked like old Grecian togas in a bright gold fabric or material. There were non-humans there as well. With multiple appendages and unlike anything you would see in STAR WARS or STAR TREK. I have spent countless hours trying to sketch them once I wake up. When I’ve showed these drawings to friends and family they even said they were unlike anything they’ve ever seen in any movie or TV show. Then one human, a male judging by his voice and physical appearance, walks up to me and tells me I’m not supposed to be here. That this is a new “arm” of the universe reserved for the worthy. I tried to ask what he meant by that but, my mouth wouldn’t work. I couldn’t even move. Then I would wake up and my arms and legs would feel heavy. Like I was covered in molasses or something. Getting out of bed felt like it took hours. I know this sounds crazy but, this is my dream.
We certainly do see stuff falling into it, just not crossing the event horizon. The growth part is merely due to the stuff that fell in having gravity; it isn't information coming out.
Great video, apart from centre of singularity. Pbs done a recent one on fuzzballs which I think it's more likely what the black hole is. Keep up the good work, excellent presentations
I love the immense amount of man hours and brilliant minds behind discovering and studying black holes, and yet the official astrophysical term for vertical stretching and horizontal compression is called “Spaghettification” “Noodle effect” if you wanna be less formal.
Nah, it will freeze you. No, really. It will. As closer as you get to the singularity, that is. How cold? Absolute zero cold, since nothing, absolute nothing can move. Ergo, no vibration, no heat.
the final freefall part (11:51 - 12:08) is even more interesting to watch in x0.25 speed, so to see at the same time how quickly the difference of the gravity escalates (the Δg number) ...and don't forget to mute the video then, it's especially creepy to see THAT and have a slow motion narrator for extra horror :P
Finally! I have researched black holes since I became interested in 🌪️ and whirlpools and I never got a straight answer to what shape it is! This is what I needed to start on! Great Scott! That's all I wanted to know! Why don't we talk about this tiny but good to know for firsts detail?! I finally understand what a black hole is to it's fullest extent of reached research for now. Thank you sir for making this video! I am SMI and have ADHD so my attention span is well warped a bit differently than some other people and everything you explained up to your calm voice and the key details you absolutely helped me understand a lot more. I am subscribing now to your channel. I wonder if you could clarify a bit more research into choppy waters here on earth, like you know that square one that looks like a net of water which they say if you see it get out immediately!
Had a dream once where some nondescript superhero takes a dangerous relic or whatever into a black hole in a bid to destroy it. The hero knew the risks and went for the sacrifice anyway, leading to this whole rescue mission in a cargo spaceship that was conveniently outfitted for black hole exploration
Kudos to everyone who made this animation. It is so easy to understand when you see the clear picture. You really did a great job and I’m so greatful for this.
This is a great and the best video about space. I have been looking for answers to these questions for a long time. And then there's this kind of graphics. Bravo!!!👏💥
I'm from the future. When you look at the black "hole" mass, you see nothing, but when you look out of it, you're blinded from all the energy rushing towards you. When you finally land on the crust you're now away that the black mass (hole) is just a solid globe with such intense gravity that it's literally a highly dense marble. The idea that time is different where you are compared to the people on earth or in orbit around you was false all along. It only looks like time is different, because you're feeling the doppler time dilation. So time is in fact all the same, which you'll see once you meet up with your fellow space buddies after teleporting away from the surface of the black mass. You have a laugh at the space table while communicating back to earth that time felt like it was moving in different speed, but were exactly the same when you sat at the table. You had scooped up a bit of the black matter found on the surface with your hasbro toy shovel, but realized that the gravity effect you hoped to bring back had been lost. All that remained was a 1012^999 billion ton pebble the size of a golf ball. Nobody asked how you managed to carry it, because they knew, you had super powers and "doesn't afraid of anything". Black hole, more like a black heavy turd that steal muh energy.
14:05 Also even though space and time are getting squashed like it's nobody's business, there's still the relative effects of light speed and whatnot. Even if getting caught, the ''observable'' amount would be negligible as any photon information would not be as interpretable as we would like. Not to mention the fact that we've already passed the orbiting limit. As such, we would not be able to ''see'' the passing of time at all, nor the end of days.
Firstly great video and some beautiful visuals. At 4:00 to 4:20 you explain how the Doppler effect would mean the disc of plasma surrounding the black hole would be brighter on one side than the other. 2 Things... 1. Surely the plasma disc orbiting the black hole would appear redder on the side where the light is moving away. You point out the frequency of the light is decreased by the Doppler effect. Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency, therefore the wavelength of the light would be longer - re redder... Although looking at your graph of the frequencies of light emitted/recieved 3:20, the Doppler effect would shift a higher intensity band from UV into the visible blue spectrum, so it may appear bluer and possibly brighter or at least compensate? 2. Point/Question 1. may be a moot point as I think you may see very little light, if any at all from the side of the plasma disc orbiting the black hole. If the plasma particles are moving away from you very close to the speed of light their masses would be substantially increased and they themselves would distort spacetime, the photons moving from them would use more energy (again red shifted) and be delayed (not slowed) in reaching you, possibly long enough to prevent you seeing them before you fell in! As an interesting aside, if you hovered close to the event horizon of a black hole, you would not see anything below you. The light from the plasma closer to the black hole would never reach you, however you would need to constantly accelerate away from the black hole to do this. How is that possible you may ask? Surely you would reach the speed of light and have to stop accelerating? Or move away from the black hole and escape its gravitational well (not my favourite expression)? Well your acceleration would remain constant, your velocity would increase, but at an ever decreasing rate, and your mass would increase... E=mc^2. You would never reach the speed of light as your mass would become infinite and that would require a lot of energy! You would also never escape the black hole as your mass would be increasing constantly warping spacetime ever more between you and the black hole making a deeper well. If you stopped accelerating the plasma would suddenly become visible again, and you would fall in to the black hole. TBH it is all conjecture and theory because no one has been this close to a black hole. We are starting to image them though. www.mpg.de/16760316/a-black-hole-in-a-new-light
Hi. Let me ask you something about the twins paradox. Would the time pass different to you while near a black hole or a massive object indeed? As we see in this animation, our clocks would slow down, but the spaceship clock would do the same due to the spacetime distortion. But in reality, would that make real difference if we could escape from the black hole and return to the spaceship?Would we see our fellas much older than me?
i tried 3 "other guys" videos about black hole physics, and what one would experience through human perspective. This one explained it perfectly. No mathematics necessary, nor graphs, just beautifully-designed imagery. Thanks for the trip!
I'm so gathered and so keen in fact to be curious to know that when a body gets elongated with the quickness that it becomes thinner and thinner than thread and I could presume that the portion heading the centre of the black hole becomes energy and following portions coming afterwards also turn to energy because mass is shredded to least amount and what remained from the theory of relativity is only energy at the centre of the black hole but I don't expect that will be ready to be released from there as still we know nothing is escapeable due to infinite gravity at the centre of a black hole!! But let's be futuristic to artificially made black holes which could be used to disinter energy from a black hole and the crisis be over forever and ever and life exists infinitely!! My heartiest salute to your simplistic teaching of a rather complicated subject, wish all, especially students, could have the access to your wonderful method of getting into the matter easy and simple and the clearest!!
This makes a clear, non-dramatized explanation of this concept. This is what I think should be shown to kids these days because of how concise it is. Well done.
What is more remarkable is that scientists had the brainpower to describe the insanely abstract nature of the black hole and the mind-bending phenomenon that takes place around it, even without seeing it ! Scary🤯!
There is no parallel to this channel with physic concepts explanations - in the entire internet 👏👏👏 Thank you so much for making these videos. Each one of them blows my mind 🤯 every time. Please keep them coming!
If you had antigravity technology that would remove any influence of friction and gravity what would happen if you went inside a black hole.. could you simply phase through?
The video shows that when we pass the black hole, we can see the clock in the stationed ship ticking (rather slowly). We know that the closer you are in the event horizon, the slower time passes for you as seen by an outside observer, until you reach the event horizon where time supposedly stops (again as seen by an outside observer). Doesn't that mean that for you, the outside observer's time passes faster and faster? Secondly, the second mentioned misconception is a misconception only due to the doppler effect and aberration of light, correct? So, if we set those two effects aside, from the moment you cross the event horizon until you reach the singularity, the universe's history would indeed have unfolded compeltely for you, regardless of whether you see it or not. Right?
7:40 Ok, the hypothetical clock on the ship seems to go slower due to the astronaut's speed. But wouldn't the time dilation counter-balance that, since time would pass faster outside the black hole? Also, why there is no redshift on everything that's "behind"?
This was an amazing journey... until the spaghettification part. But I thoroughly enjoyed it and I felt like I was there. They should just send a space shuttle into the black hole with a camera attached to it.
I think it'd be even more amazing if they turned out to be (potentially one-way) portals to other universes, perhaps ones with physical laws radically different from our own.
Hi ScienceClic, I'd like to thank you. For your help on Dialect's channel, about the "gravity caused by time dilation". Your comment is now pinned there. And, I don't know when it was edited, but you wrote something there about a common misconception which is often taught by physicists. Namely that an observer falling into a black hole would see the universe speed up (to infinity). And I was taught that as well. But I see that it's actually the opposite. It, clocks far away, slow down instead of speeding up. So I'm glad to know that and thanks for that! You say that it's _also_ due to the Doppler effect. But what else? Besides the Doppler effect? If I may ask. Oh, never mind. The abberation of light I see. Wrote it without watching the entire video, silly me.
I've seen other "trips" to black holes. In some of those cases it was stated that the black hole is probably so large that on such a scale we would not be stretched. You would have to be a lot larger to be stretched. Anyone else hear about this?
@Michael Venetiaan Yes, you could survive "going into" the black hole. That is also what is depicted in the video. But you'd get spaghettified eventually as the curvature increases closer to the singularity.
@Narf Whals Thanks for the reply. Ik was reading the other night and found it quite interesting. Everything is in theory ofcourse. Here's a snippet of what I read: "A new report from The Conversation breaks down how this is even possible and it boils down to the idea that if a black hole's center is far enough away from its event horizon, a person could pass through the event horizon without the incredible gravitational pull that would otherwise kill them. This means that somebody could technically survive going into a black hole under the right conditions, but unfortunately, they wouldn't be able to return nor would they be able to report back their findings through any means. "
You'll always be stretched eventually. For larger black holes that just happens long after you crossed the event horizon. For smaller ones it happens outside.
I thought that one's clock slows down as one approaches the black hole, from the perspective of a distant observer. Conversely, shouldn't the clock on the spaceship seem to run faster from the perspective of the person falling into the black hole? Or does the Dopler effect completely compensate for that? Great video and great channel.
Nope. That's just a common and incorrect myth. A bad interpretation of GE. You observe the outside universe as running more slowly through time, the outside universe perceives you are running more slowly through time. That's why it's called relativity. Think of it this way. You are driving parallel to another car. You then veer off to the side and pull away from the other car. From your perspective, that car has fallen behind you. From their perspective, you have fallen behind them. Your speeds never changed, only your angle relative to the other car changed.
No if you're in space time moves slower. The further you get from earth. That's what the theory is based on. That higher attraction from massive objects speed up time.
Just send me in a black hole with rope and a gopro hero 10, i'll be fine Edit: Imagine if I survive and forgot to press record... I'll return inside with no rope this time
Will see differently if we can hover upon the event horizon? That will be no aberration of light and the Doppler effect caused by speed (but maybe still have the Doppler effect caused by gravity?) I suppose the half of the 360 view will be pure black (the side face to the event horizon), and the other half will be emtremely blueshift, including the clock on the spaceship which is also extremely accelerating.
I recently gave a presentation on general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics of plasmas in the accretion disk of a black hole in a binary system for my “Space Plasma Physics” course. Crazy stuff, but, believe it or not, that was one of the simpler topic options available, I decided against presentations on antimatter plasma and quark gluon plasma because, after a bit of research, I felt I don’t yet have the necessary background for that despite having just finished a course on plasma physics.
I just found this channel the other day, and I gotta say that I’ve never seen a channel explain the physics as comprehensively as this one. I’ve never felt like I understand the way the universe works in such a practical way. Thanks for helping me understand the concepts you talk about. Your team is very talented, and I don’t take that for granted.
I WAS THINKING OF MAKING AN EXACT COPY OF THIS COMMENT! I am a person who isn't very invested in studying physics, but I like to understand why things happen and I like to extrapolate things to more commonly issues, it helps you through life. In this video I literally learned a shitload of things unrelated to it and even solved a few personal problems picturing my emotions and experiences as the elements shown in the video.
@Jack T have hope ;) and lets wish to the other generations to have more chance than us to see things like that with their own eyes . God... it must be so beautiful...if only i had the power to go up their and see by myself
It's terrifiing for me to imagine all of this stuff. It seems to me as if i trying to comprehend something from the other demention or universe. In my childhood i saw a dream, where i was approaching something ideal, a mysterious black sphere where everything is ideally non existent and deconstructed, an absolute of absolution. Perfect blackness and total darkness. This video reminded me this repetitive nightmare from my childhood. I felt it once again. Interesting feeling.
I’m curious… if the energy is orbiting and heating up constantly… Will it eventually become purple flame? That’s like, 71,000 degrees Fahrenheit from what I’ve heard. (I was curious about the temperature because of the Hisuian form of the Pokémon Typhlosion, so I looked it up)
I think it's funny how everyone says "after the horizon, there's no turning back" true...but that's the horizon for light. With matter, the horizon of no return is much much further out
no, it's the horizon for everything. Before that horizon, your future isn't necessarily destined to be towards the singularity. After the horizon, your future worldline is literally destined to reach the singularity. It's about time. Temporal speed, not spacial speed
I've watched and read much "simply explained" black hole explanations and still am unable to grasp wtf they are and how they can even exist. There is always a disclaimer of "well this is just simulated as you can't see it" - even our own photo we have is just painted up to what they think is prettier.
this video just described an average day in physics class. and i didn't understand what i seeing there either. what i wanna know is, if light can be turned off, can dark be turned on?
I always imagined black holes to twist space/time along a 4D plane and that the "universe curling into a small dot" behind you was due to rotating 90 degrees along the W axis. Think back to the story of Flatland (the 2D universe with 2D creatures). You have the 3D cube looking from outside. If there was a black hole in that 2D universe, would it not look like a 3D funnel from the perspective of the 3D creature? Now if the 2D creature fell into it, wouldn't the 3D creature see the 2D creature appear to rotate 90 degrees? Meanwhile, the 2D creature looking back would see weird lighting effects due to rotating along the Z plane.
Im starting to see a pattern with the ratio of likes to a comment to the number of replies I know an argument broke out here Edit: well it was brief but hypothesis was correct
@xenotypos okay Xeno, cause we definitely all thought there was a real possibility, we could make it through a black hole alive and there’d really be a bookshelf on the other side👌🏾😂
I do not think we will see much. As a photon starts its journey from accretion disk towards event horizon it undergoes gravitational blue shift and soon moves beyond visible range. After crossing event horizon it will be so much compressed that it would act more like a particle rather than wave. Ultimately all photons will change to particles. Matter and energy is conserved. While matter and space inside black hole are condensed to infinite proportions they retain angular momentum which causes the black hole to rotate at speeds many times speed of light. Centrifugal forces flaten the black hole giving it donut shape with empty central regiion. Due to rotating space inside black hole negative pressure is created at poles and since gravity is weaker at poles matter and space can escape along magnetic field lines. The event horizon has circular shape when viewed from poles but donut shape if viewed from equator. This is just a hypothetical concept.
