What Happens If A Star Explodes Near The Earth?

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People have witnessed supernovae for millennia, but what threat do they pose to life on Earth? This video is sponsored by Brilliant. You can get started for free, or the first 200 people to sign up via brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.
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A massive thanks to Prof. Hans-Thomas Janka for helping us with the physics of supernovae and GRBs. A massive thanks to Prof. Brian Thomas for all of his help with the terrestrial effects of supernovae and GRBs. This video would not have been possible without them. Also thanks to Dr. Luke Barnes for his initial help with the literature search.
Hydrogen bomb vs Supernova fact was taken from this great article by xkcd/Randall Munroe - what-if.xkcd.com/73/ (based on the calculation by Andrew Karam, 2002)
Cosmic bubble footage from
www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/1000...
Neutrino driven SN explosion simulations from iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
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References:
Melott, A. et al. (2019). Hypothesis: Muon radiation dose and marine megafaunal extinction at the End-Pliocene supernova. Astrobiology, 19(6), 825-830. - ve42.co/Melott1
Thomas, B. C. et al. (2016). Terrestrial effects of nearby supernovae in the early Pleistocene. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 826(1), L3 - ve42.co/Thomas1
Melott, A. L., & Thomas, B. C. (2019). From cosmic explosions to terrestrial fires?. The Journal of Geology, 127(4), 475-481. - ve42.co/Melott2
Fields, B. et al. (2019). Near-Earth supernova explosions: Evidence, implications, and opportunities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.04589. - ve42.co/Fields1
Thomas, B. C., Atri, D., & Melott, A. L. (2021). Gamma-ray bursts: not so much deadlier than we thought. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 500(2), 1970-1973. - ve42.co/Thomas2
Melott, A. et al. (2004). Did a gamma-ray burst initiate the late Ordovician mass extinction?. International Journal of Astrobiology, 3(1), 55-61. - ve42.co/Melott3
Firestone, R. B. (2014). Observation of 23 supernovae that exploded less than 300 pc from Earth during the past 300 kyr. The Astrophysical Journal, 789(1), 29. - ve42.co/firestone1
Janka, H. T. (2017). Neutrino emission from supernovae. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.08713. - ve42.co/Janka1
Janka, H. T., & Hillebrandt, W. (1989). Neutrino emission from type II supernovae-an analysis of the spectra. Astronomy and astrophysics, 224, 49-56. - ve42.co/Janka2
Janka, H. T. (2017). Neutrino-driven explosions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.08825. - ve42.co/Janka3
Karam, P. A. (2002). Gamma and neutrino radiation dose from gamma ray bursts and nearby supernovae. Health physics, 82(4), 491-499. - ve42.co/Karam1
Melott, A. L., Thomas, et al.. (2017). A supernova at 50 pc: effects on the Earth's atmosphere and biota. The Astrophysical Journal, 840(2), 105. - ve42.co/Melott4
Ludwig, P., et al. (2016). Time-resolved 2-million-year-old supernova activity discovered in Earth’s microfossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(33), 9232-9237. - ve42.co/Ludwig1
Gritschneder, et al. (2011). The supernova triggered formation and enrichment of our solar system. The Astrophysical Journal, 745(1), 22. - ve42.co/Gritschneder1
Motizuki, Y., Takahashi, et al. (2009). An Antarctic ice core recording both supernovae and solar cycles. arXiv preprint arXiv:0902.3446. - ve42.co/Motizuki
Zucker, C. et al. (2022). Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble. Nature, 601(7893), 334-337. - ve42.co/Zucker1
Hirata, K. et al.(1987). Observation of a neutrino burst from the supernova SN1987A. - ve42.co/Hirata1
Hayes, L. A., & Gallagher, P. T. (2022). A Significant Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance Associated with Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 221009A. Research Notes of the AAS, 6(10), 222.
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Special thanks to our Patron supporters:
James Sanger, Louis Lebbos, Elliot Miller, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, John Kiehl, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Mike Schneider, John Bauer, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Sunil Nagaraj, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi
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Written by Petr Lebedev & Derek Muller
Edited by Fabio Albertelli
Animation by Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek, Alex Drakoulis, Ivy Tello, Mike Radjabov, and Charlie Davies
Filmed by Derek Muller
Additional Research by Kovi Rose & Katie Barnshaw
Video/photos supplied by NASA, ESA, Pond5, and Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound & Jonny Hyman
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

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2022/11/14

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mayochupenjoyer 10 ヶ月前

i’m extremely proud of the way my dad explained supernovae to me when i was about 5. he told me to put my hands out, facing each other, and then he put his hands on mine. he then told me to push outwards, as hard as i can, while he pushed inwards, which made my hands collapse. he said that when a star wasn’t strong enough anymore then gravity won. now that i’m older, i’m really enjoying this more comprehensive explanation

Riven Doto 10 ヶ月前

that is really cool

Keefy Gizzle 10 ヶ月前

You had an uncommonly cool dad...

Eirik Ødegård 10 ヶ月前

Thanks I will explain it like this to my children 😊

Luis D. Ruiz Santiago 10 ヶ月前

Your dad is amazing ❤️

Nikolay Tonev 10 ヶ月前

I'm very glad that my parents were telling me about black holes when I was about 4...

Jack Kellett 10 ヶ月前

Ah yes, cosmic horrors beyond our comprehension. Thanks man

Mardikus 9 ヶ月前

lovecraft?

John Petrakis 9 ヶ月前

You absolutely missed his point at the end as probably most of the thumbs up to your reply. If it hadn't been fro a cosmic dice roll a long long time ago WE wouldn't be here!!!!!!!

SHM 99 9 ヶ月前

@John Petrakis I didn't

Michael Delisieux 9 ヶ月前

What happens? NOTHING! Just change the bulb.

Space_Debris 9 ヶ月前

I sometimes run the video at a less compressed speed for just those slower neuron fires a chance to catch up.

Rob Allegar 7 ヶ月前

Your videos are thought-provoking, well-produced, and fun to watch. Thanks for making such great content.

Florragonis 7 ヶ月前

Wow! Thats serious dedication, donating 50 dollars for this dude. Seriously, he does deserve it.

dot 7 ヶ月前

Would have donated it for Ukraine instead.. ..no offense intended, but Ukrainian children need donations much more than a large (and excellent) YT science channel. *Edit:* if there was no Ukraine war, i would 100% agree to your opinion and give the donation to Veritasium.

Florragonis 7 ヶ月前

@dotThats some *serious* dedication there, too! I wonder if Ukraine will win the war, let’s wait and see. Time flies, and it will be a long one.

Nacho Varga 7 ヶ月前

@dot this was not the time or place for this comment. He may have already donated for Ukraine. You don't know that.

Tim R. 7 ヶ月前

@dot I haven't been following up on the war much but I am damn sure that they are good off. The US has given practically it's lung to the country; I'm sure the UN is probably helping; and there are so many donations and even some organizations relocating families out of the warzone. This feels pretty petty to comment. How about you donate there? Or how about you donate to homeless women and children? Or how about you donate to cancer treatment? Or Children's hospitals? Or to schools that don't have proper funding? Or to the residents in the Ohio Train Derailment? You get what I'm saying now? Honestly this comment I felt was disrespectful. People can donate to whatever they want; whenever they want; however they want. That's it. If you believe someone should've donated with THEIR money; you can instead with your own money. And before you even question me; no I did not donate anything. Period.

B Joy 7 ヶ月前

I was surprised a few years ago to learn that gold and heavier elements are unlikely to be created in a standard supernova but require a more extreme ultranova or similar event such as star collisions to produce special elements like gold. That just adds to how lucky we are to have such abundance of uranium, gold, etc on our planet.

Sathanya M 3 ヶ月前

Actually fission stops at nickel not iron. It's a myth that iron is the most stable element, but nickel is more stable

Chris Race 2 ヶ月前

Regular super nova make gold and lots of other stuff. hypernova make black holes from which nothing escapes.

Maximus Zastrow ヶ月前

It's almost like somebody did that intentionally Genesis 1:1

Lmao ヶ月前

I also learned a few years ago somewhere that the earth and the solar system formed from an ultranova, the collision between neutron stars. that was actually incredibly fascinating to me to know that everything that exists around me right now used to be a bunch of neutron star matter

Dr. Azimov 26 日前

@Sathanya M *Fusion

Stephen 9 ヶ月前

I always appreciate the value of your productions. The bit where you showed how a star fuses the different elements as time goes on and for how long blew my mind.

bal laurina 8 ヶ月前

same

Kevin Wimms 7 ヶ月前

A small piece of dust would probably blow your mind... How about AC Clark... he's a great scientist too!

Kevin McGregor 7 ヶ月前

It blew my mind, too, although I had first seen this information a few years ago at an open-house presentation of the Astronomy Department at the University of Manitoba. I don't remember all of the time periods though. Does anyone have a reference for each element, all the way to iron? I was disappointed this video didn't give all of the times. I think in the end it was minutes, or seconds!

Threedog 7 ヶ月前

@Kevin Wimms Why the insult?

Renosance 6 ヶ月前

I'm left in awe at the explanation of how some tiny, tiny, weightless, harmless Neutrino... detonates the largest bombs in the known Universe. Just amazing how super-large events can have the smallest origins. Love this. Thank you.

Bruno Simões 10 ヶ月前

I've already seen dozens of videos on JPvid about how a Supernova works, but this is another level. A complete and very well illustrated lesson in under 20 minutes. Veritasium never disappoints.

Star Nutron 10 ヶ月前

Don't Read My Profile Photo ok

TheWhiteDeath356 10 ヶ月前

@Lloyd S nice joke

Bubba Bong 10 ヶ月前

Ok don’t read your profile pic. Got it. Thanks for the warning bro.

EnerJetix 10 ヶ月前

@Lloyd S ah yes, and pigs fly as well :)

Aeveras 10 ヶ月前

The fact that a supernova thousands of light years away can cause a measurable change in our atmosphere is absolutely mindblowing to me. The fact that a gamma burst 2.5 BILLION light years away caused a noticeable effect is similarly mind-melting. Astronomy stuff really can be incredible. Thanks for putting together a great video on this!

Lewis Perez 10 ヶ月前

It's a U- Bomb ...

Electric paisy 7 ヶ月前

But the GbR got me thinking. Wouldn't it only effect us if one of the two beams is targeted directly at us? Seems like that lowers the chance of a hit even with an explosion within range dramatically to me. I didn't full get from the video if we have to be in the beam or not, but if so, it seems much less impressive to me than the supernova to me. You focus all the energy into two directions, of course it has a much higher range. Its like comparing a rifle to a grenade to me, but I could have understood it wrong.

Mr B 7 ヶ月前

@Electric paisy you are right, a GRB is a very narrow stream of particles, like a rifle, as you very cleverly put it. A stray bullet coming at us in this vast space is very unlikely, but GRBs are much more frequent than supernovae and are deadlier from further away.

joseph debbah 7 ヶ月前

yeah exactly I thought we could safely watch the big cosmic fireworks from like a few lightyears away xd but this really changed my perspective on how big these "fireworks" actually are!

Davidsmith smith 10 ヶ月前

It feels chilling to think about that actually being the end times for which ever species lived within the system.

Words 10 ヶ月前

Somebody please tell Veritasium to make in depth video about TON-618

Dennis Sylvester 10 ヶ月前

And in any nearby system as well.

FOC 9 ヶ月前

Hmm I don't worry at all, because (if we survive this long) then it is no longer my problem in a few decades xD

Baxterchov 9 ヶ月前

"...lived within the system." _What species_ , living in _which_ system??

Alexolas 9 ヶ月前

@Baxterchov I assume whatever sapient species lived in orbit of the star that went supernova On a related note: Has anyone here played or heard of the game Outer Wilds?

Salted Cod 4 ヶ月前

This was such a ridiculously interesting episode! I didn’t understand half of it, but it was so exciting to learn all these new things.

steven roper 10 ヶ月前

Thanks for bringing this subject down to earth - very well explained

Rapid Readers 9 ヶ月前

You sir, win best pun of the week!

Mike Oxmall 9 ヶ月前

I don't want any of those cosmic pipe bombs anywhere NEAR Earth

Manthan Bapat 8 ヶ月前

@Mike Oxmall good sir, u need to define near, because as mentioned even a star going hypernova 150 MILLION light years away, caused mass extinction on earth

salmon 7 ヶ月前

@Rapid Readers white

runw1thscissors 6 ヶ月前

Down to earth huh

Indranil Bagchi 7 ヶ月前

This is the kind of video that JPvid thrives on. To explain such catastrophic events without any heavy terminologies is simply genius of you. Makes me wanna research more on this subject. Cheers! Much love from India.

Lmao ヶ月前

I think a lot of it comes from the visuals, don't know about you but that supernova animation was crazy

Abiezer Rosario 10 ヶ月前

Whenever I watch an almost 20 minute long Veritasium video, I never lose interest throughout the video and it's consistently gets my attention. The pacing of him talking quickly and pausing to make a transition makes it easier to retain the information. Also his voice is very clear and comprehensible. As always amazing stuff Veritasium, you never fail to get my attention.

MissionHomeowner 10 ヶ月前

You expained this clearly yourself.

Peter 10 ヶ月前

Him and Vsauce are my favorite JPvid learning channels. Veritasium seems more "normal" interesting while Vsauce keeps your attention by being "weird" interesting.

ilona 10 ヶ月前

Also great choice of background music

Michael Harris 10 ヶ月前

couldn't agree more very well put :)

ㅑㅜ샤ㅡㅑㅇㅁ샤ㅜㅎ ㅕㄴㄷ구믇 10 ヶ月前

@Peter i like watching thoughty2 also

8 ヶ月前

Thanks for the update about the Gamma Burst Ray observed on 9 October on Earth. I learned most of the astrophysics a long time ago and certainly like the comprehensive video display of it, but the consequences for what the effects were on Earth and on it's life that are discovered since are fascinating. It is amazing how much information you have compressed in a single 20 minute video and still be clear about the many subjects. I also like that you show the scientific abstracts. Exceptionally well done!

Kryten42 10 ヶ月前

Thank you Derek! As always, I learned things. This w as quite a detailed explanation (as far as we know today of course) about some incredible Cosmic events. 👍🤩 I enjoy that, the more we learn, the more questions we have, and the more we want to know!😎

Carter Kane 2 ヶ月前

Thanks for bringing this subject down to earth - very well explained. Ah yes, cosmic horrors beyond our comprehension. Thanks man.

James Raymond 7 ヶ月前

This is an example of a perfect physics lecture, one that is interesting to people of all levels of science. The nucleon binding energy graph explains so much and it is so well explained.

Tim W 7 ヶ月前

Very interesting video, well done! One question: when you picked up the neutrino bursts and then called scientists to watch for a supernovae, did you ever wonder if it might be the prelude to a Gamma Ray Burst? Since both move at the speed of light, the neutrino flash might be our only warning (not that we can do much about it). Just wondering if that ever crossed your mind.

Jscaff 10 ヶ月前

The connection between astronomy, historic man, and palaeontology as a whole was absolutely mind opening. It is this reason this channel is one of the best channels on JPvid

Tune BoyZ 10 ヶ月前

That's right lil Jacob 😊

You are a 🤡 10 ヶ月前

SUPERNOVA! SUPERNOVA! SUPERNOVA GOES POP!

timvw01 10 ヶ月前

They follow the Cosmos format, very good show

imaad rasool 10 ヶ月前

Im i agree

Marcelo Festa 10 ヶ月前

exatamente, q video gostoso

Viral Variety 10 ヶ月前

Man! This one solved all my curiosities about supernovae.Straight to the point and I can clearly understand what you want to explain in this content.Thanks mate!

Peter J-S 9 ヶ月前

Great video! Very informative and to the point. Great production and visuals. Thank you all for your efforts.

Mike Lucido 7 ヶ月前

I have always appreciated every one of your presentations and I hope I wasn't too rough with what I said about the missing parts of the equation, regarding exploding stars. . I just want you to know I still appreciate everyone of your explanations, including this one. You do a darn good job.

whatsupbudbud 6 ヶ月前

So much to learn in this short video. Left me wondering whether we can find other ways to catch the neutrinos and thus make them do work for us since there's just this massive flux of them through each of us and everything around.

Daniel Cooper 6 ヶ月前

I never understood supernovae before - I'm sure I still don't - but now I have a better grasp, and I appreciate that you did this. Thanks!

Sam Siso Hussein 10 ヶ月前

This is far better than a complete sponsored documentary. This is very inspirational and underrated content!

Tom Seeds 10 ヶ月前

Definitely not underrated. But youre right great content.

Ignirium 10 ヶ月前

yeah, this is basically why i gave up watching TV about 10-15 years ago.

Mihail Milev 10 ヶ月前

@Ignirium bruh lol

belledetector 10 ヶ月前

13.1m subs doesn´t qualify as underrated ;-)

Sam Siso Hussein 10 ヶ月前

@belledetector haha also true. but still, I believe JPvid creators are still underrated and they deserve more.

Iván Rodríguez 7 ヶ月前

It's crazy that not so much time ago, I used to buy dvds or even blue rays with documentaries about this topics. The fact that nowadays it's free on JPvid it's amazing, and with the same quality (even more maybe) I'm very thankful with this kind of creators, the are the real MVP

J D 10 ヶ月前

I love the intersection of particle physics and celestial mechanics. Our sweet spot of life on this planet, from the primordial ooze to the inevitable end of sentient life, will have its own intersection. Personally, I am hoping for an instantaneous and painless end... bearing witness to the next extinction event is at the very bottom of my "must see" list. Thanks for all your awesome science... may you never run out of material 🙂

Robert Goss 3 ヶ月前

Veritasium does it again. Thank you for this clear-headed explanation of complex celestial events.

Rane 2 ヶ月前

Absolutely a credit to humanity that we were able to work all this out. Like seriously understanding (from Earth) the internal workings of stars is pretty amazing (assuming we are right)

Joe Buk 8 ヶ月前

I’m curious how they figured out neutrinos are what causes the super nova. Very interesting. Also I like those magnetic atoms, really cool!

Kevin Armstrong 10 ヶ月前

This guy has that enthusiasm it’s like he is as amazed as his viewers. Like he’s not teaching or lecturing he is shearing information. I adore everything he does!

FracturedFungi 10 ヶ月前

okay 👌 what i can i think 💭 would have been a little bit longer but if i can go on a break and i just make a new thing and it is fine too so much more like 👍 but it looks better and it will just keep you in touch and be 😅😅

Animesh jain 10 ヶ月前

How does neon fuse into oxygen (at 3:54) Neon(Atomic no 10) is heavier than oxygen (Atomic no 8)

Semaj_502 10 ヶ月前

What the hell are these replies ?

FracturedFungi 10 ヶ月前

@Semaj_502 gamair!!!! 😙🤪 everything looks like it is pretty cool but it is kinda like the green brown green green bell bell brown brown eyes green green brown green green blue green brown green green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan tan orange 🍊 orange 🍊 tan green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan green bell 🔔 orange 🍊 green green brown green bell bell brown brown green green brown brown eyes green green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan tan orange green brown green bell bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan green green brown green bell bell brown brown eyes 👀 tan green bell 🛎 bell 🛎

Jeff Watkins 10 ヶ月前

Really appreciate excellent videos like this one which explain for us laymen in terms we can understand the immense complexity of the universe which so many great minds have toiled for centuries to uncover. In this era of insane disinformation, this shines a brilliant light on truth. A million thanks!

Jukka Maljanen 8 ヶ月前

Question: What is the time scale for things in a supernova? We know that prior to the supernova, the star grows in diameter, but exactly at what rate? How long does the nova shine bright?

Threedog 7 ヶ月前

I have seen other you-tube videos trying to explain supernovas. Mostly they say something like, once the elements fuse into iron, all fusion stops and the star starts collapsing in on itself at .2 the speed of light. This video explained it a bit more in-depth and really increased my understanding as to why iron is what starts the collapse. Thank you.

Kevin Ward 10 ヶ月前

Great & fascinating video. Very well explained by Derek , cosmic nuclear power is another level to that created by ourselves......that's probably a good thing !! Also the historic and environmental effects of the supernovae very well covered.

TheOdMan 7 ヶ月前

It's so wild to me how people figure stuff like this out, I can not even really comprehend it when it's explained to me in a very logical and digestible manner like this. I mean I understand the gist of it, the basics, the how. But what I can't really wrap my head around is the why, I find it endlessly fascinating, but my mind isn't set up so that I can actually do much with my fascination, just watch videos like this, or rewatch Carl Sagans Cosmos for the 50:th time, and just enjoy finding out more about the universe.

Luxhya Shah 10 ヶ月前

Last year, I almost joined the Brian fields research group after listening to his presentation on this topic. He talked about how they had to look through sediment samples to find traces of Fe-60. I thought it was so cool that we could learn so much about the history of our cosmic neighbourhood just by observing earth. It's amazing to see this topic explained so well.

Michael Ansolis 10 ヶ月前

It doesn't happen "just by observing earth". It's actually a lot of different scientific disciplines coming together to understand what we're looking at. This is even more impressive than you make it sound.

esoteri K 10 ヶ月前

Where there's a will, there is a way! - Humanity

NoName 10 ヶ月前

why almost?

YAHUsha 10 ヶ月前

Jesus Christ is the propitiation for the whole world's sins. They that believeth and are baptized (with the Holy Spirit) shall be saved; but they that believeth not shall be damned. Those led by the Holy Spirit do not abide in wickedness. *God is ONE manifesting himself as THREE;* the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit! Bless him! *For these three are one.* As I am led by the Holy Spirit, nothing I state is a lie, but the truth of God. Anyone who tells you differently is misinformed or a liar. They do not know God, nor led by him. Anyone who *claims* to be a Christian and is against what I am doing, and where I am doing it; the Holy Spirit does not dwell within them, they lack understanding. They know not God, read his word, and their religion is in vain. Do not hear them, they will mislead you, the lost cannot guide the lost.

YAHUsha 10 ヶ月前

When you trust in God and cast your cares (worries, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts) upon him, they will be NO MORE! Know that there is power in the name Jesus Christ! His name casts out demons and heals! The world is wicked, evil, and of the devil. I too, was a wicked sinner of the world before I opened my heart to God. I am living proof of God's work and fruitfulness! He is an active God who hears the prayers of his! God's children are set apart (holy) and righteous. The devil is a liar that comes to steal, to kill, and to destroy; that includes your relationship with God! Open your heart to God, repent of your sins (he will forgive you), and let him direct your path. Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands and purify your heart, lest you walk with the devil and follow him to hell.

yegfreethinker 10 ヶ月前

Can you imagine what a treat it would be to be able to safely observe a supernova up close à la Star Trek or something but actually do it in real life that would be so awe-inspiring!

john Wow 10 ヶ月前

I think it would be a better treat to see people reaching for their electric blankets when the sun burns out.

ModernValkyrieNOLA 3 ヶ月前

I thoroughly enjoy the content of this channel! The subject matter is very complex, but it is explained in a consumable way to anyone with a good sense of basic scientific principles. I am a bit of a space nerd, and I can’t always find any truly interesting videos on astronomy and astrophysics that are informative and entertaining without being ass numbingly dull…

David Curry 8 ヶ月前

This is a wonderful sequel to Carl Sagan's Cosmos Episode 9, The Lives of the Stars, still accurate after nearly 40 years. Well done Derek!

hypocratus 9 ヶ月前

The fusion process was so beautifully explained , especially when you have an idea what he is talking about and why its happening

TehWit 7 ヶ月前

Another proof that what we take for granted and generally think has always been the norm on Earth is mostly due to insanely vast amounts of luck, has changed and will definitely change again greatly! Great video, thanks!

Student 6 ヶ月前

I feel like it's not luck. It's like if enough time is given, all the things that can happen will happen. A lot of such events must've occured and the sustainability of life on this planet was one of the outcomes which ended up becoming true and here we are. The same reason why existence of alien looks totally possible.

TehWit 6 ヶ月前

@Student hard to disagree but.. i don't think everything can happen nor will. On a smaller scale i could have just avoided replying to you. No big deal. On greater scale, a star fart could happen which may diverge slightly the course of a big rock on its way to hit Earth in 1000 years. Who knows though. Fascinating

Less More 10 ヶ月前

The fact that we as stardust have evolved to figure this stuff out is completely mind boggling

ChinnuWoW 10 ヶ月前

It’s no wonder that it had to have happened somewhere within an infinite universe with countless outcomes.

Less More 10 ヶ月前

@ChinnuWoW makes it no less amazing

clownavenger 10 ヶ月前

prob happened a few times in other galaxies and possibly our own we just don't know of yet..

Less More 10 ヶ月前

@clownavenger yet…far more likely than not. Even multiple times, given the infinitude, still makes it outrageously rare & wondrous.

clownavenger 10 ヶ月前

@Less More yeah it's fairly rare if you mean how many square light-years and the amount of time it takes for a single occurrence.

Farhan Amin 2 ヶ月前

My question: how did the ozone layer come to be? How did it re-form after a GRB destroyed it partly?

Filip Kos Maligoj 10 ヶ月前

Thank you so much for this video! I am just making an analisys and presentation of those deep sea crust research for 60Fe (Knie et al. 2004) you covered and it really helped me to prepare my presentation for non-astrophysical public. Thanks again 😄

Prajesh 10 ヶ月前

Lmao XD

Ted Kiraly 7 ヶ月前

As a lifelong fan of all things science, I’ve been aware of and understood the reasons for supernova. That said, I’ve never heard or in this case seen a more meaningful explanation than what you provide in this video. Bravo! 😎

Joaco 9 ヶ月前

I really love this channel. I learn so much in a very comprehensible way.

Frank Liskaser 5 ヶ月前

When we talk about the immense power and far-reaching effects of cosmic masses, it's humbling to realize just how tiny and vulnerable we are as humans. It puts our existence as a species into perspective.

Leo Staley 10 ヶ月前

I watch an obscene amount of science youtube, and love supernova videos. I learned a ton from this video. You have done something wonderful here Derek.

James Lee 10 ヶ月前

Lni iu I’m

YAHUsha 10 ヶ月前

Hussassain 10 ヶ月前

Agreed, what are some of your favorite science channels?

Pufferfish 10 ヶ月前

It is so cool tbh i know that humans were not really meant to find out these things or even comprehend them. We were meant to be oogaboogaa at best.

Lawrence Smith 9 ヶ月前

we need more smart people in this world like this guy right here. thanks for your awesome introduction about our earth and the birth of our solar system good sir.

Dc 10 ヶ月前

hearing about galactical level problems like this makes me think we really need to get things figured out on our tiny rock fast so we can focus on larger problems, lot of work to do I guess

GRAITOM 🐾 9 ヶ月前

Haha 5 billion years left for our own sun, let's not waste it 😅

DoctorBones 9 ヶ月前

Well thats future humanity's problem lol

Kovela Manas 8 ヶ月前

Brilliantly explained ! One of the most detailed videos on Supernovae

David 10 ヶ月前

Very nicely done video. Avoiding most technical terms and clearly explaining without any need for viewers to know concepts beforehand.

Cowboy Barbaryn 7 ヶ月前

As cool as it is to learn about this I always wonder how scientists learn this stuff? How did we figure out the composition and lifespan of starts that will outlive us by an immense magnitude and are so far out of our reach?

Carlo 10 ヶ月前

I would love to see their storyboard when they were planning to produce this video! The storytelling is superb and the simplification (without compromising) of a complicated topic is impeccable.

Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 10 ヶ月前

Yeah, this took a lot of creativity. It's one thing to make a video about supernovae, but this goes beyond just explaining a scientific concept, and it tells a story I haven't seen before.

DARTHNEWS 10 ヶ月前

The title should've been different. It's clickbait for a bunch of overstuffed information.

Fizz 7 ヶ月前

It's crazy the stuff that's going on in our universe, the absolute scale of it is just mind boggling.

Despond 7 ヶ月前

More depressing is we are born too soon to know more.

Martin Kuliza 7 ヶ月前

REMEMBER.... THAT'S FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE Imagine the vastness of all this from the perspective of a microbiotic organism . from their perspective , JUST US is amazing

Harambe 5 ヶ月前

Brilliantly written, brilliantly produced. You are the perfect educator.

Vitali Judin 3 ヶ月前

It is interesting to see that in the light of new findings, the carbon cycle is pretty low as it seems to be according the recent publication. Actually a bit scary. I found this small prophecy in E.G. White’s book about her visions (she is seen as a small “post testament” prophets in some specific Christian streams and wrote down many visions she experienced) one could interpret it to be related to star constellation “Orion”: “Dark heavy clouds came up, and clashed against each other. The atmosphere parted and rolled back; then we could look up through the open space in Orion, whence came the voice of God. The holy city will come down through that open space. I saw that the powers of earth are now being shaken, and that events come in order..“

A Pro Player 7 ヶ月前

I knew about supernova's and stellar life from around a 2 years but still after reading about it at least 10 times on web and in two books I was unknown about these complexities that happen inside it.

R A 2 ヶ月前

This man is brilliant! Love your videos.

Totto87 10 ヶ月前

Love your videos man. I'm a regular joe with no notable math or science skills whatsoever but for some reason your explanations makes sense to me. You should get a Nobel prize for educating the masses in all sorts of subjects. Thank you for the various topics over the years and I hope it will be so many more lessons to listen to in the future. Space is damn scary and amazing at the same time!

Jeffrey Suen 10 ヶ月前

Agreed. A Veritasium video with hundreds of thousands of views may have taught/inspired more minds than any regular teacher in a lifetime.

Gireesh G Prasad 10 ヶ月前

I love this channel, but a Nobel Prize is a bit much..

Tony Wu 10 ヶ月前

@Jeffrey Suen my love for stem literally stemmed from this channel

Luke Melaia 10 ヶ月前

Very well said.

Stephane Nouafo 10 ヶ月前

Ironside Amen! Completely relevant /s

Lawrence Thompson 9 ヶ月前

This is amazing. But how do they know all of this? I suppose it is all theory based on knowledge that is way over my head. I believe that these scientists are the only hope that we have to save mankind from destroying itself. Videos like this are very useful in recruiting much needed young minds into being interested in science. Thank You Veritasium!!

Avinash Raghavendra 2 ヶ月前

@Derek. Thank you for another brilliant video. I have read and learnt about stars exploding since my high school and yet you made me learn something new. In the video, you say not all >8 solar mass Stars go supernova but become black holes. Doesn't the formation of black holes a product of core collapse which is an equivalent response to a supernova explosion? Please clarify.. thank you!

Master Gems 7 ヶ月前

I have always wondered. If a cosmic explosion that could wipe out a Galaxy happens, would we see it just as it happens, millions of light years away or would we only see if long after when it's already too late to prepare ourselves.

Matias Calvo 7 ヶ月前

Do we have any evidence of any star that could become a supernova in the next 50 years for example? I would like to be lucky to witness something like this that I will probably have left of life (hopefully)...

MY VLOGS 7 ヶ月前

Nothing is better than a episode of vertasium for quality information.

Nifer CE 10 ヶ月前

Love how Veritasium took this topic and really went in depth with different scenarios. Unlike other clickbait "Scientific" youtube channels out there

Chris matsen 10 ヶ月前

The illustrations in this video are amazing. Very very well done job on this video.

PEDJA ILIC 7 ヶ月前

Well, we are going away folks, as we always knew we would. Supernovae just make it the most appropriate way to go about it. Excellent episode Derek, thank you.

JediLoreen 7 ヶ月前

Our sun will become a red giant. It's not massive enough to become a super nova, if that's what you are thinking.

Mephisto xD 7 ヶ月前

A comment about the "other" type of super nova, described at <a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="519">8:39</a>: The white dwarf actually doesn't collapse and bounce, it is a runaway thermonuclear fusion reaction that creates the explosion. So it is basically a big thermonuclear bomb. Because of this, they generally don't leave a massive object - the core - behind, that forms a neutron star or black hole. Instead the former star is completely destroyed with it's remains flying into all directions.

Bonesofinsanity 9 ヶ月前

Its explanations like the ones he gives near the end of the video of how we potentially came into being that makes me think we really are a one off life form.

TCF . YTB 6 ヶ月前

First channel I ever see to take neutrino into account when talking about supernova, very impressive

Jens Riggelsen 10 ヶ月前

Small addendum regarding the name Supernova that you mention (<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="80">1:20</a>): Kepler's teacher and mentor, Tycho Brahe, was the first to publish a book concerning a new star (stella nova), namely SN1572 or "Tycho's Supernova", which appeared 32 years earlier (TWO visible supernovae in a lifetime and NONE since!) Brahe's book was "De nova et nullius aevi memoria prius visa stella", ("Concerning the Star, new and never before seen in the life or memory of anyone").

Nataraj Subramanian 10 ヶ月前

Underrated comment.

mytube001 10 ヶ月前

SN1987A was visible to the naked eye.

Jens Riggelsen 10 ヶ月前

@mytube001 It was indeed visible, but it wasn't in our galaxy, but in one of our closest neighbors, the Large Magellanic Cloud.

mytube001 10 ヶ月前

@Jens Riggelsen Yes, but you only wrote "two visible supernovae in a lifetime and none since", which isn't correct. No mention of them having to be in our galaxy.

Waryaa Moxamad 5 ヶ月前

20,000 light years away and it cast a shadow on earth!! How can you sleep after thinking of that. Absolutely amazing.

Яᴀʀᴀꜱᴢᴇk 10 ヶ月前

People were so lucky back then to be able to gaze up at the unobstructed milky way, in any city in the world. It was such an immense source of inspiration and wonderment..

Orius25 7 ヶ月前

In a way, yes. But they also had no idea what they were looking at.

Supertramp 7 ヶ月前

On one hand, it is incomprehensible how much we have learned about our universe, but on the other hand, it is incomprehensible how unfathomable the universe still is.

Sanjoy Sanyal 8 ヶ月前

Thank you Dr. Derek Muller, for your wonderful exposition. I am not an Astrophysicist, far from it, in fact. However, Astrophysics is my addiction-hobby. That's why I watch your videos. I had 2 questions; (A) You said Kepler had witnessed a White Dwarf Supernova in 1604. I read somewhere that White Dwarf's don't go SN. Am I wrong? (B) I had read the sequence of Fusion Reactions is Carbon - Oxygen - Neon - Silicon - Iron. But the Fusion Sequence mentioned by you is somewhat different. Clarification on these points would be highly appreciated, por favor

Anna Kinderman 10 ヶ月前

I have always admired your ability to elegantly describe the beauty of the universe. Amazing. You are one of the reasons I'm pursuing a degree in physics.

TacoBanana 10 ヶ月前

Good luck! It's difficult but rewarding. I did bachelors and masters in physics, and loved it. It's also buys you a TON of options professionally, and can get you some very high paying jobs.

Robert J 10 ヶ月前

@TacoBanana what kind of jobs?

TacoBanana 10 ヶ月前

A pretty broad range @Robert Jušić . As a physicist, in college you'll likely work with: 1 - Coding, like python, Labview, Python or Statistica 2 - TONS of math, you pretty much get a bachelors with a very similar skill set to a mathematician 3 - Equipment training, if you work in research 4 - Technical communication skills: From presentations and paper writing so after graduation, if you learn to communicate your skill set, you can be an analysist (in lots of industries), data eng, software eng, professor, researcher, or most types of engineering roles. My background is in applied physics, but I've worked my entire career as a process eng in manufacturing. The big part is learning how to communicate that the skills you have are useful. Communicating how learning advanced mathematics can help in a real world situation

Robert J 10 ヶ月前

@TacoBanana curently on my 2nd year of mechanichael enginering and constantly anxious that im not gonna find a job that im truly happy or usefull at. How did you menage to comunicate that your skills are usefull?

TacoBanana 10 ヶ月前

@Robert J I mean, if you go into a job interview, can you articulate how you can use your math and analytical skills to help a business operate? Can you situate how you can help with your knowledge. Also, congrats, everyone gets nervous, but if you are going to mechanical engineering, you should have options!

andy 10 ヶ月前

I didn't know every half a million years a star passes so close to us that was a fun fact and a bit scary and respect due to his previous work in an observatory you never know who youre learning from with these JPvidrs

Luis Araujo 3 ヶ月前

I thank you very much for sharing this content. I'm Brazilian and I'm learning a lot with you. My English was terrible, but now, I can understand all you said.❤❤❤

Lucas Bittencourt 7 ヶ月前

Thanks for all your videos. They are great. I have a question. At 8'24'' you say some stars "form black holes instead, wich means they do not go supernova". Well, I confess that until now it was my understanding that a black hole is formed after a supernova of a star massive enough. Can you clarify? Thank you again! And congratulations.

Jayson Menchavez 10 ヶ月前

I would love to see this happening right before my eyes. Crazy but it's fascinating!

Jovaras Zigmantas 7 ヶ月前

Hey man great video as well as animations. You said that the iron core has to be more than 1.4S but isn't it the mass of the whole star which should be above this litmit

Jordan Cooper 10 ヶ月前

Great video! I did a degree in physics and astronomy and can say this was a great, easy to understand review of some of our favourite cosmological objects and I really enjoyed you linking some of the supernova events in the past with extinction events on earth :) I didn't know about some of those connections, thanks as always for sharing!

TreadSteady 10 ヶ月前

What do you think about micro nova or a shell release?

Vaibhav K 10 ヶ月前

That’s great! Published any papers?

rae0521 10 ヶ月前

"... easy to understand review..." - Well, Jordan, your brain and mine must be made of material so astronomically different as to defy description.

Huesan 7 ヶ月前

I can't believe I can know all this information for free. Amazing job!

Jim Henderson 7 ヶ月前

This is crazy stuff. I actually wonder how much of it is actually true vs hypothetical

KingNooby 11 日前

Respect to veritasium for sacrificing his life and causing a supernova just to show us the truth 🙏🙏🙏

Tolen Tarpay 10 ヶ月前

I read somewhere that by the time a star goes "nova" it will have only consumed approx. 3% of it's overall Hydrogen/mass...is that right? Also, I recall they back-calculated that the Hiroshima bomb only "converted" about 3% of it's Uranium pit into blast/energy...is any of that correct? And is there any authentic "significance" to this 3% ratio that keeps popping up? I need to know so I can start prepping for the next Nova...

Fizz 7 ヶ月前

The ammount of Uranium in the Hiroshima bomb the underwent fission was around 1kg of the 64kg it contained it was an incredibly inneficient design. But even converting that tiny ammount of mass released a whole lot of energy.

Cameron Eridan 7 ヶ月前

This is unfortunately just one of those times the pattern machines in our heads see things that aren't there.

Tolen Tarpay 7 ヶ月前

@Cameron Eridan Oh, I was sure it was a Matrix-glitch; man, I am hanging to take the Red Pill! Psst! Have you got one?

Cameron Eridan 7 ヶ月前

@Tolen Tarpay what on earth do you want estrogen for

𝝅 8 ヶ月前

You really did a good job explaining how the neutrino works

Gamina Wulfsdottir 10 ヶ月前

Veritasium is consistently better-written, better-edited, and better-explained than any other JPvid channel I've found yet. I wish more science-oriented channels had standards as high as Veritasium.

Aldion Sylkaj 10 ヶ月前

They can't so they accept mediocrity.

soundscape26 10 ヶ月前

Yeah, but Derek has more than 10 million subscribers and a team working with him... not all channels can afford that.

Star Nutron 10 ヶ月前

because Derek is interested in cinematography too thats why his videos are different from others

Haze Skunk 10 ヶ月前

Kurzgesagt is also an amazing channel.

Iso Iso 10 ヶ月前

a very nice show! Thanks for the whole staff for the whole stuff.

Pranav mehlawat 6 ヶ月前

WOW. Makes me wonder how insignificant our daily problems are in this cosmic scheme of things. Insignificant yet fortunate. Lots of Love to Veritasium from India.

devalapar 7 ヶ月前

How do Neutrinos transfer their kinetic energy and cause a supernova? Do they constantly interact with Neutrons and Protons via the Weak force until they leave the star? Or is there another way they can transfer their momentum to other particles?