How Electricity Actually Works

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This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.
Special thanks to:
Bruce Sherwood, Ruth Chabay, Aaron Titus, and Steve Spicklemore
matterandinteractions.org
VPython simulation: tinyurl.com/SurfaceCharge
Thanks to Ansys for help with the simulations: www.ansys.com/products/electr...
Huge thanks to Richard Abbott from Caltech for all his modeling
Electrical Engineering JPvidrs:
Electroboom: / electroboom
Alpha Phoenix: / alphaphoenixchannel
eevblog: / eevblogdave
Ben Watson: / @pulsedpower
Big Clive: / bigclive
Z Y: / zongyiyang
NYU Quantum Technology Lab
/ @nyuquantumtechnologylab
Dr. Ben Miles
/ @drbenmiles
Further analysis of the large circuit is available here: ve42.co/bigcircuit
Special thanks to Dr Geraint Lewis for bringing up this question in the first place and discussing it with us. Check out his and Dr Chris Ferrie’s new book here: ve42.co/Universe2021
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References:
A great video about the Poynting vector by the Science Asylum: • Circuit Energy doesn't...
Sefton, I. M. (2002). Understanding electricity and circuits: What the text books don’t tell you. In Science Teachers’ Workshop. -- ve42.co/Sefton
Feynman, R. P., Leighton, R. B., & Sands, M. (1965). The feynman lectures on physics; vol. Ii, chapter 27. American Journal of Physics, 33(9), 750-752. -- ve42.co/Feynman27
Hunt, B. J. (2005). The Maxwellians. Cornell University Press.
Müller, R. (2012). A semiquantitative treatment of surface charges in DC circuits. American Journal of Physics, 80(9), 782-788. -- ve42.co/Muller2012
Galili, I., & Goihbarg, E. (2005). Energy transfer in electrical circuits: A qualitative account. American journal of physics, 73(2), 141-144. -- ve42.co/Galili2004
Deno, D. W. (1976). Transmission line fields. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 95(5), 1600-1611. -- ve42.co/Deno76
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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Inconcision, Kelly Snook, TTST, Ross McCawley, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Dmitry Kuzmichev, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Micah Mangione, MJP, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Clayton Greenwell, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal
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Written by Derek Muller
Edited by Derek Muller
Filmed by Trenton Oliver and Petr Lebedev
Animation by Mike Radjabov and Ivy Tello
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound and Jonny Hyman
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

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2022/04/28

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ElectroBOOM 年前

This was a greatly detailed video and I think we are pretty much on the same page! Thanks for the shoutout and going through the trouble of clarification. P.S. by the way, the resistor in your experiment didn't quite match the lien impedance, other you would get half your supply voltage right away. But I mean with such small capacitance and inductances, the probing itself could d have added some parasitic components to the lines. PPS: Like I said above "pretty much on the same page"! It is a complex subject, and I think some nuances could have been addressed better. Maybe Derek and I could sit together and react to nuances to clarify things!

Youtube Guys 年前

Fantastic man

Real All Things 年前

Boom

Real All Things 年前

Mysterious Messenger 年前

Kudos to veritasium

Bobbert Bobberson 6 ヶ月前

Disconnected wires working despite not being part of the physical circuit is mindblowing... until I remembered radios exist

Gun Science 3 ヶ月前

Understated comment! Electromagnetic radiation is wild

HiArashi13 ヶ月前

@Gun Science Ye, it's lit

InXLsisDeo 24 日前

they turn into. very small capacitors, so the effect lasts a small fraction of a second until it is charged.

U. S. 6 ヶ月前

I decided to become a Civil Engineer and not an Electrical Engineer mostly because I didn't understand the electric curcuit and found nobody explaining it to me. Electrons were pushing each other and somehow the fields were part of the show. Now, more than thirty years later, I saw your video, Derek, and I only can thank you very much. I wish you all the best from Germany

Rolling Cloud 6 ヶ月前

ready to change career now?

Empty 6 ヶ月前

Beta

Renuka Reddy 5 ヶ月前

Did YOU make vedio showing the misconception of misconception…. Wait that’s a cantors paradox

Joseph Shaff 2 ヶ月前

We suffer that here as well. To combat this we must discuss it!

Bipin 2 ヶ月前

Sarcasm?

ADEpoch 7 ヶ月前

I'm an ex-electrician and an electronics enthusiast from way back, and I've never heard such a thorough explanation of how electricity works from any of my text books and lecturers. Thanks. I learnt a lot.

Andrew W 7 ヶ月前

As an Electrical Engineer that studied PCB design, like Rick Hartley, we were all too aware of field effect induction and transmission in arrayed semiconductor components. This video takes it from the nano world to the macro world and demands that all electronics be taught from Maxwell's understanding and not Ohm first.

LQ 7 ヶ月前

Maxwell equations my friend! Dig dipper

InXLsisDeo 6 ヶ月前

We don't learn it in Physics studies either, and yet it is described in Feynman chapter 27 of book 2 ("Field Energy and Field Momentum", you can read it online). While even Feynman calls it "nuts", he agrees Derek's understanding is what the equations say and is the correct understanding. The fact that simulations that solve the Maxwell's equations show exactly that's what's happening should be sufficient to convince us that it's correct, as noone doubts Maxwell's equations, which have never failed and are correct under relativistic assumptions (in fact the B field is a consequence of relativistic movement of the electrons).

dan brown 6 ヶ月前

Me too. Same training as you. He is absolutely right. Love it. Got my brain going again.

THE PM 6 ヶ月前

@Andrew W absolutely, That's why I cannot understand the electricity because it is not clear with funadamentals, even I ask the lecturer, their answers doesn't satisfy

Rejnö Karl 6 ヶ月前

This follow-up video is one of the best examples I've seen of some of the foundations of science: - The peer-review principle - Test the theory against experiments and calculations - Adjust/clarify the conclutions Well done!

Jaster26 5 ヶ月前

Not only that, but actually being excited about people trying to disprove your theory is the mark of a real scientist. Science advances just as much, if not more, when a theory is proved incorrect. "No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can prove me wrong." -Albert Einstein

Brian Macker 3 ヶ月前

He still screwed up. He needs to arrange the wire to eliminate induction. In which case the initial induction can be reduced to as close to zero as you want. Just arrange the wires in giant circles so the are no two battery/light wires running parallel. Only battrry/battety or light/light wires in paralllel. Then no induction can happen. Of course the forces are transmitted by fields (electons and protons do not touch each other). Both protons and electrons themselves are waves. Plus the induction can only happen for a short time period as there is a change in net velocity of the electrons from "net still" to a whatever speed they travel. Once they achieve an equilobrum in speed the NO induction will occur between any of wires. He still doesn't understand the standard model and this is just a much of a fail as the last video. I could spend all day on his errors. For example the field merely changing around the wire in the air is not transmitting energy/power at all. Why? Because there is nothing for it to act on. This video is still a comedy of errors. I am also disappointed these trained scientists aren't calling him on it. Although I am not surprised. I used to sit through various math and science classes where other students and even the teacher would have a kind of rote memorized understanding but no good model in their head. Electrons move around the vicinity of atoms all the time generating net collectively changing fields and also not transmitting any power. DUH!!! Only under special circumstances will power be transmitted to things in the fields when they change. Same with electrons flowing through the wires in might house. I am sitting in those fields right now and I am not "lighting up".

King Bolo 2 ヶ月前

@Brian Macker Since you're clear on the errors here and understand the true mechanism of electric power transmission, would you be able to explain it to me? I'm afraid I am no physicist and don't have your level of insight.

Brian Macker 2 ヶ月前

@King BoloThe subject is too complex to explain in any great detail in a comment section. Charged particles can act at a distance which is why electrons traveling in one wire can induce the flow of electrons in another. They generate electric and magnetic fields which are NOT confined to any wire. Fields that can store and transmit energy. Electrons can also emit and absorb radiation under certain circumstances. There is a dispute here over two different perspectives of the same phenomena. It is incorrect to claim that the electrons flowing in a wire cannot carry any energy. It is also incorrect to view the surface electrons on a wire as sitting static and as separate from the sea of valence electrons that are in constant random motion in any metal. All the electrons of a metal are equal in their membership in that sea of electrons, even when there is an excess, and are free to move in any direction with the metal. The matrix of positive atoms actually is interior to this sea of electrons. So every single electron in the sea is inside the metal at all times. Surface electrons are NOT outside the metal. Electrons have mass and as they move in an electric field the gain velocity and thus momentum. Thus electrons can carry energy inside a wire as they flow with an electric field gaining momentum. It is however a very chaotic process with electrons "bouncing" about repelled by each other like atoms in a gas. They can transfer some of this momentum to atoms in the wire, resistor, or light filiment by losing velocity during a bounce, which will heat up the wire or light filiment or resistor. There are other perspectives to think about this however it is perfectly valid to say that "energy flows in wires" because it can. When you lift an apple off the ground we claim it is storing potential energy. Later when dropped that potential energy is release. It is perfectly valid to model from the apples perspective and not from the perspective of the Earth or the gravitational field. When you lift the apple the Earth is also deflected downward a miniscule amount. When you drop the apple the Earth deflects slightly towards the apple. This can be ignored because of the relative enofmity of the Earth. One could generate a Poyning vector representation of this which would show the energy being stored in the gravity field. It is just a different perspective on the same thing. There will be situations where the apple prespective is a poor model. That doesn't mean other perspectives are not correct. A dropped apple is either falling or orbiting the earth depending on perspective. Same with a weather satellite. In reality both fslling and orbiting are working by the same mechanism gravity fields. To say "energy does not flow in wires" is as wrong as claiming "apples do not fall". Energy does flow in wires but can also be thought of as flowing in the fields too, or even being stored in fields. One does not exclude the other.

Brian Macker 2 ヶ月前

@King Bolo First comment of a series of comments. When a switch is flipped and electrons begin to flow in a live wire they cause an electro magnetic field which can push on or deflect other electrons in the same wire or other pieces of metal. Thus when arranged certain ways can cause a current to flow in a different section of the same wire or another wire "by induction". Two wires running parallel to each other are prone the this effect. This is because the currents expanding magnetic field causes the other wire to act as is it were in motion relative to a stationary field. Using the "right hand rule" we can see that a current is induced in a parallel wire in the opposite direction. The closer the wires the greater this induction effect. The parallel wire draw energy from the field to generate the current. Which is actually accomplished by an slowing of the electons in the live wire. This effect stops once the current stablizes at maximum flow, and the magneti field has finished expanding locally. The other wire now experiences a static magnetic field, and does not sct as if moving through a magnetic field. No more current will be induced in the parallel wire. Resistance in that wire will dissipate the induced current. Eventually no current will be flowing. If the current is turned off in the live wire the magnetic field collapses. When the switch is turned off the opposite occurs. The electrons slow in the off live wire. The magnetic field lines collapse inward. The parallel wire now acts as if moving through a magnetic field but in the opposite direction. A current is for a short period induced in the opposite direction from before. Veritasium and Electroboom both missed this fact. In both cases the induced current will normally be much smaller than the live current. Not enough to light a bulb which would normally be connected to the live wire. In his setup you could rapidly turn the switch on, then off. In 1/c seconds an induced current would flow one way. Suppose you waited say 1000/c and switched it off (the electrons having only flowed 1000 meters down the wire at best). In around 1/c seconds after switching it off the light bulb would experience a second induced current in the opposite direction. The current would briefly stop, then reverse. So if he is counting that miniscule current as "the light turning on". Then turning the switch on would "turn on" the light. Flipping the switch off would briefly turn off the light, but for a moment it would turn back on and off as the magnetic field collasped fully. It is actually much more complicated as there would be a current pulse spreading down the wire with diminising power ( unlike if the switch remained on).

worldnotworld 6 日前

Fantastic. A separate video about how capacitors and inductive coils work in and of themselves would be incredibly good and would round this out perfectly!

The Engineering Mindset 年前

Me: trying to grossly overly simplify everything so anyone can understand. Veritasium: ha! I'm going to melt everyone's mind and make them question reality, hold my beer.

Edislucky 年前

+1 new sub

ᙏɾ Uടടყ ಠ ͜ ಠ 年前

Dafuq Y’all care bout how electricity is cooked. All I care I charge my phone and can scroll tiktok !!!!

Marekletsplay 年前

haha

Clogica 年前

My brain: imma head out

Bowie Twombly ヶ月前

As an archaeologist and ethnobotanist, my focuses are about as far away from electrical engineering as you can get while still having a toe under the umbrella of “The Sciences”. I have an extremely curious mind though and I always want to know how things work and why they work. Before these two videos, electricity had been a MASSIVE gap in my knowledge of how the world around me works, and an extremely crucial one. Thank you so much for doing such an impressive job communicating extremely complex topics in a way that is both approachable for novices, AND intuitive in final comprehension. I have spent enough years teaching and around other teachers to be in awe of how effortless you make science communication seem.

N Elkins 2 ヶ月前

Kudos for your modesty and for being so humble. I learn so much from your videos. Please continue to make them. I was always confused in engineering school when they taught the analogy of flow of electricity and then got totally lost in field theory. That was 50 years ago. Now I understand the connection a little better. Thanks

hew hunt ヶ月前

THIS IS THE MOST PURE SCIENCE VIDEO OF THE MODERN AGE!!’ Lecture, experimentation, report, review, duplicate experiments, examine, collaborate, adjust, REPEAT. My hope in the common public to advance as one is completely validated in this one video❤❤❤❤❤. Thank you verasitum

L. M. 6 ヶ月前

Kudos to you for producing such mind opening videos with an open mind. We may not always have the right answers, but that shouldn't stop us from being good sports in the process of trying. It might take the collective activity of the cameoed individuals in a think tank to come up with a fourth order approximation that is consistent across all conductors (including the super kind).

Dave UK 5 ヶ月前

I thought the simulation by Ben Watson was incredible and something everyone studying electrical engineering should see on Day 1. Sadly it would have been impossible back when I did my EE degree back in the 80s but I loved this video and the brilliant explanation. JCM was so underrated! As Newton said, we stand on the shoulders of giants.

marsgizmo 年前

Impressive explanation Derek! Well done! 👏

taejun 年前

I love your 3d printing videos

Vegan_Semih_Cyprus_33 年前

Crucial 👉The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖

madzilla 2 ヶ月前

I am just in high school, but I am very interested in physics. This man is a god for doing this. It is honestly really hard to have a contrarian idea about something and explain your stance and make people understand what you think is closer to the way a circuit actually works. I have read like string theory, entropy and the famous E=mc^2, I wonder many things(including what if the model of atoms was actually way different in real life), and this man has grown my interest. At the end of the day, the internet isn’t actually that bad.

Jakob 4 ヶ月前

Me working with electronics and thinking about it in "lumped" ways, this video brought me back to my seminar in Theoretical Physics on Electrodynamics. Thanks for bringing back the magic of physics to my work and live :) And i love how you gratefully take all the critics and encourage the scientific discussions :)

Bob Stevos 7 ヶ月前

Thank you for understandably explaining this. I studied electronics in the 70s, and they taught us the wrong way, but that was the textbook. I feel more connected with the natural electrical forces all around us now!

Nick Martin ヶ月前

Really great! Makes me appreciate how difficult chip design must be!

Anton Moric 6 ヶ月前

Erudite and classy response. Really enjoyed it. Also glad to see that the fields are finally getting their due credit. The great physicist Hannes Alfven did a lot of seminal work on the power inherent in the fields and also on the electric nature of the Universe. I'm hoping that some time you can follow up on some of his work. Cheers!

Michael Permana 年前

This… this is what science is all about. Thought experiment, theory, peer review, experiment. Well done everyone.

Leroy Dubois 年前

When do the politicians start scolding us about what to believe? (JKing)

James Bond 年前

No...we just need one opinion. CDC says it's safe - it's safe, no more discussion needed. Trust the science.

Best 年前

can now someone explain workings of battery if charges dont move ???

معراج 年前

@James Bond inside the CDC you will have everything the comment stated, that's just how science works my friend

James Bond 年前

@معراج When does CDC/FDA ask for peer reviews from other scientists that are not funded by big pharma?

Vaishak V 3 ヶ月前

am an electrical engineering student, i would like to thank you for giving this knowledge, gives so much fundamental information and approach to electricity.... i wish these kinds of study would be encouraged in campus rather than mugging up text books.... and also professors with similar curiosity should teach students ... questioning everything.. love from India

Nicholas Pikos 2 ヶ月前

I really liked these electric field videos. It's kind of scary how even most electricians in the construction industry don't really understand how electricity works. I don't claim to have a full and in depth knowledge myself but continuing with the danger point. All of our specialized trades were concentrated in a small area of a single floor in a multi-story hospital we were building. Because we all had extension cords plugged into a single temporary outlet we had pulled the outlet exposing a little piece of wire outside it's insulation and the electrical engineer on site assured us they had the latest circuit breakers installed and we're pushing for a deadline and this one electrician who was an enthusiastic amateur physics buff explained how under the right conditions the electrical current could easily beat the circuit breaker making it extremely dangerous but was not listened to by the engineer. Later on that night a colleague and I were moving a metal trolley past the outlet in limited space, the trolley didn't come into contact with any wire but we both saw this large glowing arc of electricity reach out of the gloom latch onto the trolley for what seemed like a good second or two before power throughout half the building died. We could have been killed but the site manager's were more p@#$sed off at the delay and if that electrician wasn't there to argue our case me and my colleague may have been blamed. This was in Sydney not long ago. Sadly even though I don't work for that company anymore I wouldn't want to complain to loudly as it would affect my ability to continue to work in the industry. I think it's scary though that many people in the industry are more like cooks following a recipe than a chef who understands the science underpinning what he's doing and so the majority find it difficult to cope with unexpected conditions arising

Kriss P 26 日前

Holy smokes that's scary. Thanks for sharing the story!

Tyler Muterspaugh 7 日前

This! It's no different than a mechanic who doesn't understand diagnostics and troubleshooting and just looks at DTCs, checks the book for the 'part to be replaced' and just shoot the parts cannon at it. Without any thought as to WHY that code popped and broke that part in the first place. Ask me how I know. (I own a gen 1 Chevy sedan with a turbo.... diagnostics or die)

Alanor Scotch 2 ヶ月前

Thank you so much, you have no idea how much this furthered my understanding of electromagnetism, this has been genuinely really helpful.

ElectroLlama 6 ヶ月前

I remember learning about the Poynting vector and the non-intuitive nature of circuits, but I don't think I really internalized it as a sleep-deprived, dozing off college student. I got pretty hyped when I saw the lumped element transmission line approach. A lightbulb turned on in my brain, so to speak.

Cuéntame de nuevo… 7 ヶ月前

Extraordinary video and stunning explanation. How inspiring! Thank you for this details. How much I enjoy following this channel!

Sir Pemberton S. Crevalius 年前

Respect for admiting to some mistakes. It's refreshing to see someone both rationally defend their side and also admit to some mistakes and fix said mistakes.

max luthor 年前

All this drama because he forgot the unit.. like all math teachers always say 3 WHAT? 🍎? 🫁? 🌞?

November Tango 年前

Agreed, but can we also acknowledge how sad it is that this is the case? That the current social climate people are so ready to go down on their sword even in the face of opposing information. It’s ok to get things wrong, it is not ok to pretend you’re correct just to save face with the embarrassment of speaking on topics you have no education.

Bill Sargent 年前

@Reality Vanguard this has nothing to do with this dicussion. try to stay on topic or don't post.

Craigelz 年前

"The fascinating thing is not that electricity travels down the wires. It is, rather, that were they not insulated it would not" Nikola Tesla

dan brown 6 ヶ月前

Thank you for all your vids on this subject. You are the best teacher. Awesome teachers are a rare breed. Thanks again. Dont stop teaching please. I had a great electronics teacher, and my best friends father was an engineer and teacher. My dad was a tv radio tech back in the day. Love it and thanks again.

Elie Riachi 5 ヶ月前

It would interesting to see if the initial results are duplicated when the short sides of the circuit are removed.

Alexandre Leroy ヶ月前

This is incredible. I have studied engineering for a while now and never has it been once explained like this. I always had millions of unanswered questions and it always slowed my understanding.Thanks a lot. Hope you'll see this in the ocean of comments you get

Yan Mayen ヶ月前

This explanation was flawed in many ways. For starters the guy even doesn't touch such a question, why EM-field travels at different speeds in metals compared to vacuum. I guess he is also a victim of misconceptions.

Steve Aiken 5 ヶ月前

Good job. I respect would you have done and your scientific approach. At one point in my career, I had to hand build impedance matching circuits for high Q antenna testing. I would build multiple chassis boxes with the same inductor and capacitor and each would tune slightly different, depending on how I routed the internal wiring in the box. Yep I believe you

fendant123 6 ヶ月前

Fantastic explanation. Wish I'd had this video when I did my EE degrees!

The Action Lab 年前

Very good video. Remember there is a difference between what’s true, and what matters. Derek does a great job showing the whole truth of how circuits really work. The other videos that critique it do a great job at showing what matters. For most situations the small increase in voltage at 1/c seconds is negligible compared to the overall voltage needed to light the light bulb.

Adarsh Vardhan Meher 年前

OMG I love your videos

Daniel Zegarra 年前

Yes

Kevin Matus 年前

Love Ur videos

ZAP X DRAGON 年前

indeed a very enchanting thought experiment and enlightening conclusions I wonder how this would carry on to the quantum scales as well maybe we will find a great connection there as well

INDONESIA BUBAR 2030 AMIN BY SPIZY DORITOZZ 年前

Thank you

Cooper Clauson 2 ヶ月前

As an electrical engineering college major who went on to software engineering, this is a great, in depth blast from the past! Indeed, for many simple circuits in common situations, the simplified lumped-matter discipline (LMD) suffices, but for more complicated situations one needs to have a more nuanced understanding between the LMD view and Maxwell's equations, which usually point to transmission lines. Iirc, "more complicated" means that the speed of signal propagation through the conductors is no longer infinite, which usually happens in practice for RF circuits. But I guess if a conductor length is immense relative to other distances in the circuit it becomes relevant even for a step function.

瞎貓 6 ヶ月前

As designed circuits, I used this concept to consider the noise in PCB level. This concept is very useful to reduce noise. Older engineers would like to think noise problems as a ground issue and created lots mysterious methods. But after I read the electric dynamic again , I realized not only power but also all the sampling signals should be treated as fields. The signal is not sampled by the wire but the space between the wire and ground.

Badeeya 4 ヶ月前

What books would you recommend? about PCB Noise and electric dynamic? could you share your knowledge?

FissionPhoenix ヶ月前

I love that someone else set up the same system with very long transmission lines to perform the same experiment. True peer review going on right there.

BambiTsunami 6 ヶ月前

Great video! All my questions from the first video (and more!) were answered. Such a great channel. Great follow up.

James Davis 7 ヶ月前

Wow, that was just brilliant, mate! I’m not much of an electronics guy, but I’d like to learn more about it. Think I’ll just mosey on over to Brilliant and have a gander! Thanks for making this awesome video, good luck with your channel. Cheers - JD, Montréal

Lucas Wilian 年前

What a great time to be alive. Hundreds of years ago this discussion would be hold in books or university talks that were unavailable to the vast majority of society. Now, it is being done publically, everyone with access to internet can live this experience. It is amazing and it makes me feel like one 17th century student watching a heated physics debate.

Super.Chuck 年前

If you had been at Pizza the other week, you could have heard everyone having a discussion LOUDLY about how an airplane flies. It was chaos, even a table next to us got in on it. OF COURSE they were all wrong. Here, there is a tool that measures the presence of the electrons (that you can buy at Home Depot) and it measures (checks) the wire for charge with no load (light off). Every electrician carries one.

Sumanitu 年前

By hundreds of years, you mean 20 years ago. 30 years ago you could only find this stuff in books and university talks. 20 years ago you could find it on the internet in niche global scholarly community discussions through text. Scholars discussing things with scholars still, just faster and further; on things like message boards and news groups. Just a handful of years after that we went from text discussion to full video and audio conversation

Mike Lee 年前

My thoughts exactly! We are in the public discourse of an amazing intellectual exhange.

Andragon 年前

One might argue, what a bad time to be alive. Yes interlectual discussions have a great canvas to be painted on but if you compare the count of interlectual discussions to the count of moronic discussions by people who not even have a little understanding of what they are talking about, the time we live in just feels so off balance ....

Peter Johnson 年前

What a great comment! My thoughts too.

a. z 4 ヶ月前

After decades in the business, this comes as a refreshing explanation! You could guess the response of the circuit approximately though, you can see that there would be capacitance in the lines, causing a rapid response without going a lot deeper!

Katherine Casey 7 ヶ月前

Videos like this make me wish I could subscribe twice! I don't entirely understand where the charge on the outside of the wires came from (reminds me of neurons though), but the rest of it makes a lot of sense!

Frenky S. P. 6 ヶ月前

I understood only part of this, but I love that we went back to how science was. Someone writes an article (now youtube video), and other scientists start to react with their interpretation of the problem. The first scientist reviews the reactions and makes adjustments/amendments to his/her initial contribution.

Netional 3 ヶ月前

Matter and interactions is a great book / youtube channel. Excellent education. They explain it so you really understand it.

Ares ヶ月前

This video answers so many questions I've had for ages but then forgot about in my adult life. Amazing. Also I can't help but think of electric fields now as a sort of pressure.

Hosoi Archives ヶ月前

It has a lot of problems

Vee Soho 年前

I love the "peer review" reactions and the dialog. This is what we need. Everywhere, in science, politics etc. This is what the most powerful neurologic network looks like. Cheers ! Let's keep arguing ! Peacefully and intelligently if we can !

Michael Galindo 年前

This is how politics / governance / law should be treated by all of us!

Draeas 年前

HEAR HEAR!

Michael Galindo 年前

@Geospatial Em radiation / radio waves are electric field perturbations. Photons _are_ electromagnetism, and with wavelengths this big over distances this small, they don't behave like particles, just fluctuating electric and magnetic fields. (That's why we call them radio waves, not radio photons, even though mathematically and physically they are the same.) These people are very intelligent and thoughtful. This isn't "complete foolishness" at all, especially not compared to the nonsense you hear from politicians and activists. Electricity is just inherently complex. Every analogy and description outside of pure mathematics runs into problems eventually.

Qotroz 年前

There hasn't really been any arguing going on around this topic.

TheRayDog 年前

@Michael Galindo I'd disagree. Politics and governance are about priorities and values, not maximizing or truth or efficiency. Else we'd burn all fossil or kill infirm people or do whatever maximally efficient yet evil act is possible. We're also dealing with people, who have no fixed truth like electricity does. Each person is infinitely complex, free thinking, with personal predilections that cannot be defined by immutable physical law. And this discussion is exactly the discussion you're discussing we need. Odd circularity.

Clay Lawrence 7 ヶ月前

Thanks for both videos and all of the replies and videos contributed by all. This is effectively open source education for anyone that wants it. It's shared knowledge for everyone.

José Agustín Candanedo ヶ月前

This is simply wonderful! Thank you for the video.

David Spector 7 ヶ月前

I grew up building electronic kits and seeing Ohm's law verified many times in DC circuits. However, I also knew about how AC circuits are quite different, with reactance and inductance instead of resistance. This video is the important connection between those points of view, showing how AC considerations apply even to simple DC circuits, and how AC analysis is more basic, is truer, than the simpler DC analysis. It explains other aspects, too, like why power lines transmit their AC energy on and outside of their wires, not inside the wires, while the principal energy transmission in DC circuits takes place inside wires and batteries, but still mediated by fields.

omorganstudios 6 ヶ月前

Thx! I understand transmission line circuits better. They should add this topic in Circuits 101 in the same breath when they talk about conventional current vs actual electron flow👍

Casey Firmani 7 ヶ月前

Would be nice to see the same experiment of the circuit shaped as a perfect circle.

William 年前

This was a good revisit. After watching the original I didn’t feel like it made enough sense. It wasn’t until Alpha Phoenix posted his experiment that I understood the point you were actually aiming for.

Roan Brand 年前

Same. Glad 2nd video finally came

Schwuuuuup 年前

Yes, I strongly disliked the way the first video showed the topic although I understood, what he was trying to say - mainly because I had watched the earlier video from Scienceasylum (some 2 years before veritassium). The Video of Alpha Phoenix was great and he as much too few followers for the quality content he makes. I hope this video sends much love (and subs) to AlphaPhoenix

Eyeballing 年前

@Schwuuuuup AlphaPhoenix is highly under appreciated indeed

godgige 年前

@Schwuuuuup You just sent one more sub to him ;)

Schwuuuuup 年前

@godgige Oh nice! have fun there!

Nehmo Sergheyev 6 ヶ月前

1:24 The arches at Cal Tech: I once learned that a parabola, rather than a circular arc, is the structurally stronger method to bridge 2 supporting points. It doesn't matter much in this case, considering there isn't much weight to support. But the arches are on a scientific institution and thus should recognize engineering principles. I imagine students walking through those arches daily thinking about their inferior design.

Green Go 4 ヶ月前

this is great! Now I understand why my teacher said before that long wires act like continuous RLC circuits. We've computed it like so, but never understood why so. There's something wrong with colleges teaching this subject. I guess it's never too late to get this youtube degree.

madjohnshaft 4 ヶ月前

I'm an electrical engineer and I remember in college a professor bringing this up for fun (when we were doing Maxwell's equations) and us kids being initially dazzled about 1m/c. Maybe in Physics II as well? I agree with the original vague video too :)

Felix Optikqualla 5 ヶ月前

Thanks a lot. I knew that the energy isn't transmitted by the electrons since the electricity's velocity of of nearly light. As electrons (and protons) have a weight they can't have that speed otherwise they would violate the theory of relativity. So far I knew it but never had a proper intuition. Both of your videos helped a lot. It's the most normal and fruitful way to lear something by taking steps, from a very macro perspective to the more and more detailed. You took as on a trip, spurred our minds. So you shouldn't feel the need to defend yourself. It was a great journey and I learned a lot. So great props from my side!

Túrin Turambar 年前

Anybody critical or skeptical of science should watch and learn how this conversation has progressed. Props to Derek and the other JPvid creators for a beautiful demonstration of the scientific method.

2QRh6g1I 年前

Toss a coin to your witcher...er electrician

Patrick 年前

“Science is wrong sometimes” was one of the most infuriating comments because the entire POINT of science is being wrong, and later learning WHY it is wrong. If science could only be correct it would be a fallacy that could not exist.

Dan Phillips 年前

well, shouldn't we be skeptical tho

Uni Corn 年前

@Patrick the faster one figures out where something is wrong the faster they are closer to being right.

adotintime 6 ヶ月前

I recently heard of a new superconductive material named "N-doped lutetium hydride" or redmatter. Can you do a video about that? It may be hard to research it since it was new but if it turns out to be 'real', it does change a lot of things, primarily how efficiently electricity can be transmitted in the future.

crowdozer 3 ヶ月前

It's remarkable how much of society depends on electromagnetism, but so few people can agree on how exactly it works in detail. There's always some kind of language or intent gap. It's so unintuitive as a concept but at the same time it's fundamental to the universe.

rob 4 ヶ月前

So how would you setup the experiment to make the light bulb 💡 turn on in the longest possible time? I would love to see a delay!

Rajan V K 2 ヶ月前

It was great explaination Derek. Thank you so much for your time, effort and consideration to make this wonderful masterpiece vedio. Thank you so so much. Wish of love and wishes from FINLAND

My Name 7 ヶ月前

So, if one holds a light bulb close enough to be in the field of a power line will it light up? This may be the most fascinating thing I’ve learned in a long time. It completely changes the way I look at the world around me!

J Modified 7 ヶ月前

With enough power and with some long wires attached to the terminals of the bulb running parallel and close to those lines, yes. But for just an ordinary bare bulb it would take an insane amount of power. For certain types of fluorescent bulbs it is easy though. If you live close to an AM radio transmitter, you can light low-band-gap LEDs just by attaching a few feet of wire to the terminals. I grew up half a mile from an AM transmitter and the "radio" I used to find out if school was cancelled due to weather each winter morning was just an earphone connected to a diode and three feet of wire. Or you could just pick up any (landline) phone, whether plugged in or not, and hear the radio.

Thinking Armor 7 ヶ月前

Yes! If you take a fluorescent tube bulb out near power lines it could likely light up. Interesting stuff for sure.

Stewie Griffin 3 ヶ月前

Wireless charging man

robert kangas 2 ヶ月前

Hmm. Didn’t Tesla believe in this “wireless” form of energy transmission?

Taxtro 2 ヶ月前

You're always in the "field" of a power line.

Will Krause 年前

Veritasium in the last year or two has really revived my hope that youtube science can be more than either crazy conspiracy videos or purely informational. He's doing the closest a pop-scientist has done to science since the mythbusters, and he's arguably added the important step of peer review into his process.

Infinity Dragon 年前

"can be more than crazy conspiracy videos"? What have you been watching to think that of youtube? Everyone knows this is a platform for Cat Videos.

Cryinmonkey 年前

I encourage you to take a look at the youtube channel "Kurzgesagt in a Nutshell". Highly informative and entertaining educational animations about all aspects of Science and reality.

sfurules 年前

@Zafer Alabbas Kurzgesagt is so good and fills me with just the best dread....

Anatolii 年前

@Cryinmonkey or 3 blue 1 brown

Zyansheep 年前

@Anatolii or

Jose Perez 4 ヶ月前

I love it, my mind just exploded. I keep getting reminded of how little I know and inspired to learn. Great video.

Scott Enosh 3 ヶ月前

I've only started learning about electricity recently, so a lot of this is above my level. But I've seen some of the reactions to these videos. This is an interesting experience because I know those who are reacting to this know way more than I do, as well as the guy making these videos. As a person that believes in Creation, I'm very familiar with the concealed monopoly that is the control and regulation of knowledge and it's flow, which has been in place for many centuries now...which is becoming more sophisticated with time. In other words, the knowledge we learned from subjects (history, science, math, etc) and trade schools are actually the redacted/altered versions of the genuine source, which is reserved for the upper ruling cla$$es only. Common people school is for "knowledge is power" Ruling class school is for "Power = Knowledge".

Will Lochhead 2 ヶ月前

Love this series of going deeper and deeper 👌🏽

A.J.Outlaster 3 ヶ月前

You know you have a right to be proud when you understand perfectly what he said while his fellow pros misread him.🙃

Clown Bot 7 ヶ月前

The chain demonstration was the best I have ever seen to illustrate the flow of electricity, a bicycle chain and sprocket could be good too.

AlphaPhoenix 年前

Fantastic revisit! The animations and the simulations were spot-on, and great at showing the difference between the transient “first-second” effect, and the steady-state “rest of time” behavior. The whole “expanding loop of current” thing is a great way to phrase it, because after that poynting loop expands to match the actual physical loop of wire, then stuff starts to behave normally and all of the power is transmitted around the loop very close to the wire. I still hold that for this simple circuit, turning on a lightbulb with wires much smaller around than they are long, the effect of surface charge vs internal charge is negligible, so you can ignore any skin-effect stuff and say that “mobile” electrons are indeed pushing on other “mobile” electrons using their fields, but I totally agree that that’s a simplification, just a simplification that makes the intuition a lot easier. I also need to do some math about how far the average “electron” is displaced in order to build the initial charge distribution around some typical circuit elements - axial flow is the only way I understand those charge distributions getting built, and this whole endeavor has made me think hard about what that means. Someday when I think I understand it better I’ll edit up my pt.2 response video - thanks for the shoutout! I’ve got a great experiment in the works to show the “expanding poynting loop” 😁

Alexander Shaffer 年前

AlphaPhoenix I just discovered your channel a few weeks ago. Killer content!

Juan Vidal 年前

@Alexander Shaffer me too. He is an amazing scientist!

Amuxix 年前

Great to see you mentioned in this video you deserve a lot more recognition for your awesome videos, they need to be viewed by many more people, they're all great! Thanks for taking the time to create them!

Greg K 年前

Shoutout well deserved. You got great content on your channel, not just the one response video.

varun koganti 年前

You got lot of free time to set up that experiment.

InXLsisDeo 6 ヶ月前

In fact Feynman chapter 27 of book 2 ("Field Energy and Field Momentum" that you can read online), describes precisely the phenomenon the same way Derek describes it, giving 3 examples, one of the charging of a capacitor, the second one of the energy field around a wire, and the 3rd one of a permanent magnet. And while he calls the theory "nuts", he agrees that's what the equations are saying and that "It is not a vital detail, but it is clear that our ordinary intuitions are quite wrong." (speaking of the usual intuition of electrons flowing in the wire due to electrons pushing from close to close).

Evan M ヶ月前

Forgive my ignorance, but I’m still struggling to understand why the bulb even needs to be wired into the circuit if the field is delivering the energy. Could you connect a battery and just hold a bulb next to the wire and have it illuminate? Will watch a few more times and maybe I’ll get it.

InXLsisDeo 24 日前

@Evan MYou are sort of correct in a qualitative way, but in this configuration it will not work because the field strength is way too tiny. However you can definitely light up a neon tube by holding it next to a Tesla coil. There are plenty of videos showing it.

Malcolm Lawson ヶ月前

This reminds me of EMI/RFI (Electrical Magnetic Interfaces & Radio Frequency Interference). Most cables today have a wire mesh sheathing in them to absorb EMI/RFI so they do not get induced on to the copper wire.

André Anayo 5 ヶ月前

The world is actually a crazy place, and people like @Veritasium that dare to analyze stuff like this are actually beyond normal (in a good way). I honestly can't see myself studying anything outside of the scientific domain, this stuff only gets more interesting🤣. I'm eighteen, and in a discussion with my friends, we basically connoted that we were comfortable with the level of things already uncovered, meaning that there wasn't much more left in the world to discover. However, this video begs to differ and takes me back to the words of Steve Jobs, "Stay foolish, stay hungry." Greay video! Great hypothesis! And also, could this sort of theory explain short circuits that occur if you connect the negative terminal of a battery first, before the positive?

Tyler Davis ヶ月前

I’ve always thought that the electrons aren’t actually flowing through the wire but the electron behind it is bumping it, making it act like a wave across the wire.

EpsilonHugo 7 ヶ月前

Of course, Derek. And Maxwell himself was aware of everything you tell us. That's why Maxwell developed the electromagnetic field tensor formalism. I learned this many years ago in an electromagnetism course at an Argentine university.

Scraz 年前

Fantastic to see experts, engineers, and scientists calling each other out in the interest of providing good science and accurate information. Then we see competitive and collaborative discussion that results in getting to the heart of the matter and getting as close as we can (for now) to the truth of it. Without vitriol or maliciousness.

sstillwell 年前

This is the scientific method playing itself out in front of you...postulation of a hypothesis, design of experiment, publish results, hypothesis and experiment get peer-reviewed, watch those results be reproduced. So freaking awesome...even if it was kind of accidental. :)

Seth Bowden 年前

I think a better electrical analogy is not water flow but *Pressurized Air* The *Energy* of electricity (NOT the electrons themselves but the energy) are like gas molecules at an equal but high and constant pressure throughout the circuit trying to disperse in all directions. The wires are like very efficient but slightly porus pipes, while the electrical device like a light bulb is a *Release Valve* that makes use of that energy. The pipes ( *Wires* ) efficiently funnel most of the air pressure ( *Energy* ) towards a release valve ( *Light Bulb* ) Note: The Switch that closes the circuit in this analogy is not a valve, it just allows for a *Pressurized Environment* for the pipes ( *Wires* ) and the releasing valve ( *Light Bulb* ) The Battery in this analogy would of course be the Pressure Tank, but of 2 valves where it's air (energy) will only escape when both of it's valves are alowed to pass through the 2 pipes ( + & - wires ) out through the same circuit, releasing pressure out through a valve (light bulb) in the form of heat and light. This analogy explains things like Voltage and Resistance like why wires are less efficient the longer, thinner, and less insulated they are. -Porus pipes will release more air the longer they are (more pipe = more pores) while thinner porus pipes can't are unable to pass as much pressure ( *current/voltage* ) causing resistance. If there is no valve in the closed circuit the pressure ( *Energy* ) can only be released through the pores within the pipes ( *Wires* ) eventually bursting the pipes ( *frying the circuit* ) from the amount of high pressure. Would this be a better analogy for layman's terms?

Chris B 年前

Well the only time vitriol or malice is required is when your argument cant stand up to other points of view. And perhaps you've tied your ego to it.

0verfiend 年前

@Chris B we know that.

KipIngram 3 ヶ月前

Derek, you are the bomb. No one is a top drawer master of every little detail any more. Maybe back in the 1800's top flight people could do that, but those days are gone. I thought your original video was great. Sure - you were a hair sloppy with the units on the 1/c answer, but so what? All of us who consider ourselves in any way good at this stuff know to correct that kind of thing on the fly. The units HAVE to work - it's a given. I also enjoyed watching some of the response videos, both for their technical content and for their... emotional color. But hey - thank you for all you do; I've learned a ton from your channel.

KAFKUBA 5 ヶ月前

This is why we have peer reviews at my job. Great work!

Arcadi Cipponi 3 ヶ月前

Thank you! Very interesting and really well done!

Karl Barlow 2 ヶ月前

Wow! I always ask electricians how they visualise electricity and usually get puzzled expressions from blokes who had never even thought of the wonders they worked with every day. This is such a mind expanding video. Thank you so much.

Taxtro 2 ヶ月前

I fall a lot without thinking about the ground displacing me in spacetime while the distance between me and the ground shrinks.

Karl Barlow 2 ヶ月前

@Taxtro Perhaps if you thought about it then you wouldn't fall so often 😏

Jonathan Mills 2 ヶ月前

I might be late to the party, but this video reminds me of the Newton vs Einsteinian explanations of gravity, or the quantum vs relativistic analysis of nature. For me, above all else, this video (and the responses to the earlier video by my other favourite youtubers) demonstrate the importanace of experimentation and computation anslysis vs commentary. Thank you to all thinkers who are indespensible participants in the scientific method.

Mike West 8 ヶ月前

It's interesting that we get to see scientists discuss this stuff over media in our era

Laotzu Goldbug 6 ヶ月前

These guys are less scientists and more Science Communicators™

Lucas 6 ヶ月前

If you think veritasium is a scientist of any value I’m sorry but you need to meet some real scientists who do real work.

Darth Maul 5 ヶ月前

@Lucas you need to explain more for your comment to have any value

VisionEntertainment 5 ヶ月前

@Lucas More of a scientist than you

NCGames 5 ヶ月前

@Lucas He has a PhD in physics brother. Even if he is not a scientist by profession, he has to have been at one point and is certainly still qualified.

Mark Hoppner 2 ヶ月前

This has important real-world implications in the marine environment. There is concern about how EMFs from subsea cables and renewable energy infrastructure will affect elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) as they have specialised sensory organs that can detect EMFs. I would love to see the channel address this subject!

bernard 7 ヶ月前

I'd be really interested in having some discussion/demo re how your revelations affect Maxwell's equations. P.S. Loved the video!!!

InXLsisDeo 6 ヶ月前

They are the direct result of Maxwell's equations. In fact the simulations are numerical resolutions of Maxwell's equations.

sanjarcode 7 ヶ月前

The Indian high school textbook (released by NCERT) for class 12, does talk about the build up and time taken by electricity when a circuit is turned on. It does mention the speed of light, afair.

Heather Burke 23 日前

I’ll watch this and pretend like I understand all of it. Especially the equation examples. 😂 Truth be told, it is well explained and I do walk away with a new wrinkle or two on my brain.

Lukas E. 3 ヶ月前

You’re great. I’d really like to know how many young people you inspired to seek out to enter a carrier in science and technology, bet it’s more than some countries’ populations :D

Katie Barber 年前

it makes me so happy to see the JPvid science community coming together and working on stuff like this peacefully happily and cooperatively especially in such awful times

Africankidd 年前

wym by "awful times"

Adam Self 年前

But... the serious questions weren't answered. Race relations, gender identity, pronouns, religion, what is a woman!? This guy is getting canceled for not having social equity in his video, there was no representation of women and the only person I caught that might have been non-caucasian was relegated to the distant background. ...I hate that the current societal landscape makes me immediately jump to these ridiculous thoughts any time I see mention of peaceful coexistence. This is satire*.

Brandon D'Abreo 年前

If you focus on science as a profession or rather even a hobby you don't even bring up unrelated cultural changes. Be careful what you watch on the internet and stick to speaking to real people in the real world. These issues hardly come up IRL.

BELIEVE in JESUS 年前

Repent to Jesus Christ “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands.” ‭‭Psalms‬ ‭19:1‬ ‭NIV‬‬ J

Cristian Muresanu Stiinta si Cunoastere 6 ヶ月前

I am a music fan and I have observed the importance of all cables which connects the source of the signal with the loudspeaker load, and also the cables which connects the 220Vac from the home input through the power transformers for powering the audio circuits. Because of this very good video explanations I am now able to understand why multiwires specially designed cables with extreme lower parallel parasitic capacities and extreme lower series parasitic inductances actually improves signal transmission to the loudspeaker coil, reducing leakage signals outside the wires (in most cases the two wires are connected through isolation so the ground wire and the actual signal hot fire must have the same lenght).

Jason Porter 3 ヶ月前

This is amazing! Is this a relatively new discovery, or is this something that the layman has just not been aware of?

InXLsisDeo 24 日前

Nothing new here

Jon Orion Jon 2 ヶ月前

This will continue to shock me until I die. Derek, thank you! If this doesn't sound like a miraculously poetic revelation, you didn't understand it.

Roy Tasker 7 ヶ月前

Absolutely compelling Derek for a chemist like me who produced animations portraying electron movement in current flow, and deleting them as fast as possible!!!

Edgard Bontempo 7 ヶ月前

No drama, just by amateurs. Nice you made a second video to help people even more. Nitpickers might like the second better but, the message was already there on the first. Very clearly explained. Thank you, man! Great videos!

Blue Radium 年前

Glad to see the age-old tradition of scientists/engineers ripping into a colleague's experiment and eventually ending on "huh you were right, that's pretty cool" is alive and well

barry penobscott 年前

Too bad that this age-old tradition isn't also being consistently applied in medicine which claims to "follow the science".

IVKuben 年前

@barry penobscott what are you even talking about

Stan Leery 年前

@IVKuben have you been living under a rock for the last two years? You really have no idea what he's talking about?

bumbleboo twiddletoes 年前

@barry penobscott medicine follows the science, but the science is limited by capitalism, regulatory institutions, & universities all run by the same people. To fix this we need to a) fully & publicly fund medical & pharmaceutical research at independent labs, and b) permanently divorce government regulatory institutions from the private pharmaceutical industry (and all private industry for that matter). As for the vaccines they did the best they could within the framework we have (and I'm happy with mine because I spent a weekend with and shared a meal and spoon with someone who had contracted Delta and I didn't get it). We MUST change the framework.

ailblentyn 年前

@bumbleboo twiddletoes So true.

Suchita Wasnik 3 ヶ月前

This is what a good physics debate is its just to find what is correct not to prove someone wrong i watched both the videos of veritasium and electroboom and watching both of them for a while

Muhammad Fakhar Ali Khan 3 ヶ月前

Nice video. I would try to explain this circuit from my basic EE knowledge. When you first turn on the switch. The voltag signal goes through a sudden change in wire. This sudden change in voltage w.r.t time is in fact a high-frequency AC signal. Its a high freq. signal so RF/uWave effects would come in since wavelength of the signal is way-smaller than length of the transmission line. Using distributed circuit element model the caps. would conduct and there would be a current flow. After that time passes and signal gets stable/constant DC then you can use gold old lumped element model with one resistor and two wires :)

xil.sanctified 7 ヶ月前

You get an enthusiastic thumbs up here! Great explanation!

fernwood 2 ヶ月前

13:30 … after a half century on this planet, I think I finally might start to understand how antennas and RF works, despite growing up with an electrician father with a Ham license, and getting one myself 15 years ago. The common “electrons move” explanation never intuitively made sense to me, but this field understanding really does, especially after seeing that disconnected wire.

The Vocatious Unspeakables 2 ヶ月前

Finally, an actual explaination of voltage!

TroubleChute 年前

I'm glad this was clarified. This is super advanced, but incredibly interesting.

Guy Dunn 年前

As a first year electrical engineering student my brain is melting at the implications.

Dave P 年前

@Guy Dunn The whole way through I'm thinking of the implications for PCBs and then sure enough the PCB guy shows up.

sintered 年前

It wasn't clarified, it was corrected. Rather than admit his errors, he just ignored them, and presented it again using the arguments of his critics, but as if all his critics misunderstood him. No, veritasium misunderstood what would happen and his previous video was just wrong. Guy, as a first year EE student, you probably already knew about capacitance and capacitors, but it is good to start thinking early about the fact that all conductors have shared capacitance between them....you have lots of capacitances in every circuit whether there are actual capacitors there or not...most of them just aren't large enough to do anything -- turn on a light, for example.

Jeff E 年前

You either accept Maxwell's Equations or you don't. If you do then the important issue here is that Veritsium's presentation relies on transients and the dE/dt and dB/dt terms. In the case of DC scenario, however, the current density J is the ONLY source of the B field so whilst factually correct Veritasium's presentation is misleading. Whilst the field is present the Poynting Vector E X B is in turn due to the movement of charge INSIDE the cable. Also as a veteran PCB designer I can confirm that none of the comments apply to DC-only PCB designs unless transients are important.

Matthew Doye 年前

Half of this video was over my head, I think the first video got it right for a general audience though it obviously didn't satisfy those with more specialist knowledge.

Will James ヶ月前

Like Eric Weinstein this channel gets hundreds of thousands of lay people interested in the real details of science that the thousands of scientists can't get more than a few interested in. Great videos. There is still so much detail to explain in this. All the special vocabulary in the second half needs more explaining. Thank you!

Cameron Wilson 6 ヶ月前

It's heartening to know that even someone like you can have trouble properly expressing their thoughts

usakicksass ヶ月前

I remember my father in 1962 telling about high tension cables/conductors. He said, "the electricity flows on the outside of that cable" (I had in my hand)